耐高温树脂基复合材料研究进展及其在航空航天领域的应用

耐高温树脂基复合材料具有低密度、高比强度、高比模量、抗疲劳、耐腐蚀、可设计性强等优点。因其在结构轻量化中的巨大应用潜力，在航空航天领域广受关注。本文重点介绍了双马来酰亚胺、聚酰亚胺和邻苯二甲腈三种耐高温树脂及其复合材料，并对其树脂基体的历史发展脉络、复合材料成型工艺与力学性能的研究现状，以及在航空航天领域的应用进行了综述。最后，通过提炼对比三者在工艺性、力学性能上的特点和工程上的典型应用场景，拟为航空航天领域中的材料选择提供参考。

The Research Progress of High-temperature Polymer Composites and Its Application in the Field of Aerospace

High-temperature resin-based composites possess advantages such as low density， high specific strength， high specific modulus， fatigue resistance，corrosion resistance， and high design flexibility. Due to its significant potential for lightweight structural applications，a considerable attention in the aerospace field is received. This paper focuses on three high-temperature resins-bismaleimide， polyimide， and phthalonitrile， and their composite materials.A review of the historical development，processing techniques， mechanical properties， and aerospace applications of these resin matrices is provided. Finally，by comparing their processing characteristics， mechanical properties， and typical engineering applications，a insights for material selection in the aerospace industry is offered.