海上垂直回收运载火箭发展现状与关键技术分析

运载火箭的可回收重复使用不但可以降低发射成本，而且能提高发射密度，满足高密度发射需求，是人类向太空探索必须发展的技术。垂直返回海上回收方式具备高精度、高稳定落点，减小了对落区人民的安全威胁，同时也减小了火箭运载能力不足的影响。随着“猎鹰9”火箭子级成功实现了海上垂直回收并多次重复使用，引发了各国研究者对火箭子级海上垂直回收技术的重视与探索。首先，阐述了海上垂直回收运载火箭的优势与特点，其次，梳理了海上垂直回收运载火箭的发展现状，再次，根据海上回收火箭的几个阶段分析了其过程中包含的关键技术;最后，总结了海上垂直回收运载火箭的发展趋势。

Development Status and Key Technology Analysis of Maritime Vertical Recovery Launch Vehicles

The recyclability and reuse of launch vehicles not only can reduce the launch costs，but also can increase the launch density to meet the needs of high-density launches.It is a technology that must be developed by humans to explore space.The vertical return-to-sea recovery method has a high-precision and high-stable landing point，by which both the threat to the safety of the people in the landing area and the impact of insufficient rocket carrying capacity can be reduced.Since the sub-stages of the “Falcon 9” rocket were successfully recovered vertically at sea and reused，researchers from various countries have paid attention to and explored the vertical recovery technology of rocket sub-stages at sea.In this paper，the advantages and characteristics of maritime vertical recovery launch vehicles are described.Then，the development status of maritime vertical recovery launch vehicles is sorted out，and the key technologies included in the process of recovering a rocket at sea are analyzed.Finally，the development trends of maritime vertical recovery launch vehicles are summarized.