空间微小脉冲管制冷机研制

随着空间机械制冷技术的迅速发展，空间脉冲管制冷机在80 K温区整机效率已经优于1 W/18 W（制冷量/输入电功）。针对中国航天未来微小卫星的发展，中国科学院理化技术研究所开展了空间微小脉冲管制冷机的研究，并获得突破性的进展。理化技术研究所研制的宇航级微型脉冲管制冷机，80 K温区制冷量与重量比已经大于1.5 W/1 kg，制冷效率达到1 W/22.5 W（制冷量/输入电功），在轨设计寿命超过30 000 h，可以与中波红外320×256以下面阵探测器直接耦合。系统介绍了中国科学院理化技术研究所微型脉冲管制冷机的研发过程，并给出了最新的研发结果。该制冷机除了可以实现给中波红外探测器制冷以外，还可以作为辅助热控手段，对220 K以下温区的载荷热控、载荷在轨气体多余污染物吸附等应用提供帮助。

Development of space miniature pulse tube cryocooler

With the rapid development of the space mechanical refrigeration technology, the cooling efficiency of the space pulse tube cryocooler at the temperature of 80 K has reached 1 W/18 W (cooling power/input electric power). Considering the development of astronautic miniature satellites in China in the future, the Technical Institute of Physical and Chemistry, China Academy of Sciences, has carried out investigation on space miniature pulse tube cryocooler, and has obtained breakthrough achievements. At the cooling temperature of 80 K, the ratio of cooling power to the mass and the cooling efficiency of the miniature aerospace pulse tube cryocooler developed by Technical Institute of Physical and Chemistry are greater than 1.5 W/1 kg and 1 W/22.5 W respectively, and the designed life of the cooler is over 30 000 h. Besides, the cooler can be coupled with the medium wave infrared array detector whose area array is less than 320×256. This paper introduces the research and development process of the miniature aerospace pulse tube cryocooler of the Technical Institute of Physical and Chemistry, and presents the recent research results. In addition to acting as the cooling source for the medium wave infrared array detector, the cooler can be used as the assistant cooling source for thermal control and adsorption of redundant pollution gas of the load on board working at the temperature of 220 K.