太空环境下电子束原位制造技术

美国国家航空航天局（NASA）载人探索计划的提出给载人登月和载人火星等带来了机会和风险，NASA的工程师和科学家正在开展在月球或火星表面利用当地提炼的材料进行原位制造工艺技术的研究。首先，介绍了太空原位制造和修复（ISFR）技术的概念和特点，结合该技术的发展背景，介绍了电子束原位制造技术的概念、特点以及在太空环境下应用的优势和潜力。然后，根据所用原材料和成形工艺原理的不同，电子束原位制造技术又分为电子束熔融（EBM）和电子束自由成形制造（EBF³）技术两个分支，分别介绍了这两个分支技术的概念、原理、特点以及采用该技术研制出的零件的性能，结合硬件设备的情况介绍了在太空环境下应用的适用性，同时也详细介绍了NASA利用兰利研究中心的C-9抛物线飞行试验系统进行电子束原位制造微重力试验的研究成果、试验数据和未来的发展趋势。最后，结合中国未来空间事业发展的需要，提出了关于发展太空环境下电子束原位制造技术的设想与建议。

Electron beam in-situ fabrication in space

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)'s human exploration initiative poses great opportunity and risk for manned missions to the Moon, Mars, and beyond. Engineers and scientists at NASA are developing technologies for in situ fabrication capabilities during lunar and Martian surface operations utilizing locally refined materials. The In-Situ Fabrication and Repair (ISFR) technology is introduced, as one of the most competitive technology of ISFR, and Electron beam In-situ Fabrication in space is introduced. Electron Beam Melting (EBM) and Electron Beam Free Form Fabrication (EBF³), as two branches of Electron beam In-situ Fabrication in space, are introduced, such as technology inception, characterization of technology, technical advantage, performance of the product, current applications, supportability in space, research findings and test data by NASA, especially the microgravity testing carried by NASA Langley Research Center's C-9 parabolic flight. The equipment of Electron beam In-situ Fabrication, modification of which to satisfy the space environment and the technology status and develop trend is also introduced. Some suggestions about Electron beam In-situ Fabrication in space for our future space project are proposed.