一种基于斜向观测的镜面法线方向测量方法

针对航天器上平面镜、立方镜等镜面法线方向测量时，准直光路被遮挡的情况，提出了一种斜向观测方法，即通过两台经纬仪在镜面法线两侧对称位置互相观测平行光的方法，获得镜面法线方向。对测量对象进行了说 明，详细描述了镜面法线准直测量原理和斜向观测原理，根据两种测量方法开展了测量比对试验，给出了过程观测 数据和计算结果。通过多次试验数据统计，斜向观测结果与准直测量结果差异在角秒量级，满足航天器测试要求，可以有效解决在航天器上基准镜面准直方向被遮挡时法线方向测量的难题。

A Method for Measuring Mirror Normal Direction Based on Oblique Observation

Aiming at the situation that the collimating light path is blocked when measuring the normal direction of plane mirror and cubic mirror on spacecraft, an oblique observation method is proposed. This method is to set two theodolites at symmetrical positions on both sides of the mirror normal, so that the two theodolites can observe each other’s light, so as to finally obtain the mirror normal direction. Firstly, the measurement object is described, and then the measurement method based on mirror normal collimation and oblique observation are described in detail. Finally, the measurement comparison test is carried out according to the two measurement methods, and the observation data of theodolites and calculation results are given. Through several experimental data statistics, the difference between oblique observation results and collimation measurement results is in the order of angular seconds, which meets the requirements of Spacecraft test requirements, and can effectively solve the problem of mirror normal direction measurement when the collimation direction of reference mirror on spacecraft is blocked.