Effects of long-duration space flight on target acquisition |
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Authors: | Elena S. Tomilovskaya Millard F. Reschke Jody M. Krnavek Inessa Kozlovskaya |
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Affiliation: | 1. RF SSC–Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia;2. NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA;1. Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Magyar Tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary;2. University of Leipzig, Institute of Psychology, Neumarkt 9-19, D-04109 Leipzig, Germany;3. Eötvös Loránd University, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Izabella utca 46, H-1064 Budapest, Hungary;1. University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada;2. Canadian Space Agency, Saint-Hubert, Quebec, Canada;3. MDA Corporation, Richmond, British Columbia, Canada |
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Abstract: | The purpose of the study was to explore the effects of long-duration space flight on the acquisition of specific visual targets in the horizontal plane. Seven cosmonauts (4 high performance pilots and 3 non-pilots) who had flown between 186–198 days on Mir served as subjects. Baseline testing was performed 4 times prior to launch and 4 times following landing at different intervals totrack recovery. During testing the subjects were required to acquire targets that were randomly presented with both a head and eye movement using a time optimal strategy. Prior to flight two unique head movement strategies, related primarily to piloting experience, were used for target acquisition. Non-pilots employed a Type-I strategy consisting of high velocity head movements with large peak amplitudes, while high performance pilots used primarily low velocity, small amplitude head movements (Type-II) to acquire the targets (p<0.02). For both strategies peak head velocities increased as the angular distance to the target increased (p<0.01) resulting in greater discrimination between strategies for the 60° targets. While preflight eye velocity between strategies did not reach statistical significance, postflight testing revealed a decrease in eye velocity for Type-I compared with their preflight performance (p<0.02) for the 60° targets. Postflight, the Type-I group showed a decrease in head velocity (p<0.20) while the Type-II group compensated by increasing head velocity (p<0.02). Variability for both of the head and eye parameters tended to increase postflight for both types of strategies. |
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