a Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1567, USA
b Space Research Institute, Profsoyuznaya 84/32, 117810, Moscow, Russia
Abstract:
We extend our large-scale kinetic (LSK) simulation of the magnetotail by including the global electrostatic effects generated by the field-aligned motion of electrons. Differences in electron and ion dynamics result in significant electrostatic fields near the current sheet (especially near X-lines) and in the auroral zone. In addition, E? and E alter the ion precipitation profile and affect particle loss from the system through the flanks and downtail. This work provides a basis for including transverse electron currents in our calculations.