某型涡轴发动机高低温起动性能试验与分析

开展了采用RP-3燃油和RP-5燃油的涡轴发动机高低温起动性能对比试验。分析了不同环境温度下转子的阻力矩和电动机扭矩的变化规律，指出了当前计算方法的局限性；对比了环境温度、燃油种类、燃油流量对发动机起动性能的影响，摸索出了该型发动机低温起动极限温度。试验结果表明:随着温度降低，滑油黏度增大，转子阻力矩增大，发动机带转转速和转子自转时间显著降低；在极限低温条件下，两种燃油对涡轴发动机起动性能影响非常大，而在高温条件下，采用上述两种燃油，发动机起动性能基本一致；该型发动机采用RP-3燃油能在-40 ℃环境下成功起动，而采用RP-5燃油，经过调油等措施最终只能在-20 ℃环境下成功起动；在一定范围内，增加燃油流量，能改善发动机采用RP-5燃油的起动能力。研究结论为同类发动机高低温试验提供了参考。 

Test and analysis on high and low temperature on starting performance of a turboshaft engine

The comparative analysis test of the starting performance of turboshaft engine with RP-3 and RP-5 fuel was carried out.The variation law of resistance torque and electric motor torque under different ambient temperature was analyzed and the limitation of current calculation method was pointed out.The influences of ambient temperature，fuel type and fuel flow rate on the starting limit temperature of the engine were found out.The test results showed that with the decrease of temperature，the viscosity of oil increased，the rotor resistance torque increased and the engine belt speed and rotor rotation time decreased significantly.Under the extreme low temperature conditions，the two kinds of fuel had great influence on the starting performance of turboshaft engine.However，under the high temperature condition，the engine starting performance with the above fuels was the same.The engine can start successfully at $-\mathrm{40}$ ℃ with RP-3 fuel，but it can only start successfully at -20 ℃ with RP-5 fuel after adjusting the fuel.Increasing the fuel flow within a certain range can improve the starting ability of the engine using RP-5 fuel.The research results provide a reference for high and low temperature tests of similar engines.