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Lightning Related Transient Luminous Events at High Altitude in the Earth’s Atmosphere: Phenomenology, Mechanisms and Effects |
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| Authors: | Victor P Pasko Yoav Yair Cheng-Ling Kuo |
| Institution: | 1. Department of Electrical Engineering, Communications and Space Sciences Laboratory (CSSL), The Pennsylvania State University, 211B Electrical Engineering East, University Park, PA, 16802-2706, USA 2. Department of Life and Natural Sciences, The Open University of Israel, 1 University Road, Ra’anana, 43107, Israel 3. Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan |
| Abstract: | This paper presents a literature survey on the recent developments related to experimental and modeling studies of transient luminous events (TLEs) in the middle atmosphere termed elves, sprites and jets that are produced in association with thunderstorm activity at tropospheric altitudes. The primary emphasis is placed on publications that appeared in refereed literature starting from year 2008 and up to the present date. The survey covers general phenomenology of TLEs and their relationships to characteristics of individual thunderstorms and lightning, physical mechanisms and modeling of TLEs, past, present and future orbital observations of TLEs, and their chemical, energetic and electric effects on local and global scales. |
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