大气密度模型用于近地卫星定轨预报的比较

大气阻力是低轨卫星主要的摄动力,与高层大气密度的变化密切相关。由于目前对高层大气密度变化的机制尚未完全掌握,所使用的各种大气密度模型多属于半经验公式。在这些模型中并没有一种在任何情况下都是最好的,因此,对于特定轨道选择合适的大气密度模型对提高定轨预报的精度是非常重要的。通过对资源2号卫星实测GPS数据的分析计算,比较了常用的8种大气密度模型的定轨预报精度,探讨了预报24h应采用的定轨数据长度和大气密度模型。

Comparison of Atmospheric Density Models for LEO Satellite Orbit Determination and Orbit Forecast

Atmospheric drag is the main perturbation force on a low earth orbit satellite and is closely related to the variation of high atmospheric density.The mechanism for variation of high atmospheric density is not yet fully known and most atmospheric density models are based on half empirical formulas and no one model is optimal under all circumstances.Therefore,it is very important to choose an appropriate atmospheric density model for a specific orbit to improve the accuracy of orbit forecast.Based on analysis and calculation of GPS measurements of ZY-2 satellite,the orbit determination and orbit forecast accuracies of eight commonly used atmospheric density models are compared.The paper also discusses the length of orbit determination data and atmospheric density model for 24-hour orbit forecast.