降落伞缩距软着陆技术的研究及其进展

降落伞缩距软着陆技术是过去十多年中，美国在研的一种先进的缓冲减速技术。该技术通过在货物即将触地之前强力收缩货物吊带，产生较高拉力，使货物（回收物，空投物）和降落伞间距缩短，随之使货物减速，实现软着陆。经过近十多年研究，出现了几种典型的缩距器设计，包括活塞一滑轮缩距器，马达一绞盘缩距器，以及气动肌缩距器。目前的研究集中在空投应用方面，空投质量从验证概念时的几十千克，逐步发展到9100kg，并实现了快速装卸。作为气动减速的一种先进技术，降落伞缩距软着陆技术对于航天器回收与着陆系统的研究有着借鉴和参考价值，并具有潜在的应用可能。文章对降落伞缩距软着陆技术的研完发展概况以及几种典型设计进行了介绍。

Research and Development of Parachute Retraction Soft Landing Technology

The parachute retraction soft landing technology is an advanced aerodynamic decelerating technology studied in the United States in the past decade. The parachute retractor placed between the payload and parachute confluence point is activated to pull the parachute and payload together prior to ground impact, decreasing the payload impact velocity, thus realizing soft landing. There are several typical retractors developed, including piston- pulley retractors, air motorwinch retractors, and pneumatic muscle actuator retractors. The past studies have been focused on their appli- cations in airdrop systems. The payload have been increased from tens kilograms at the very beginning to 9,100 kg with rapid rigging/derigging now. As an advanced aerodynamic decelerating technology, the parachute retraction soft landing technology has potential value in spacecraft recovery systems. This paper provides a review and the state- of- the- art developments of the parachute retraction soft landing technology.