飞机空中跳伞应急出口切割装置设计与试验

爆破切割蒙皮形成应急出口在飞机上的应用国内尚属首次,其最大优点是节省救生准备时间.从爆炸减压、结构变形、结构强度、爆炸反向冲击等方面进行了理论计算,分析了高空爆破切割形成应急出口的可行性.针对切割索弯折过框及长桁降低切割效果问题,进行了摸底试验和余度试验,试验结果表明:只要过框位置切割索弯折后与框距离控制在2~8mm,过长桁位置切割索弯折后与长桁距离不大于2mm,就可以满足切割分离要求,切割索弯折后相互之间不产生影响.通过1∶1地面验证试验,证明了爆破切割蒙皮形成应急出口的可行性,并成功安装于某型飞机上.研究成果可为其他型号采用爆破切割技术提供理论基础和试验数据支持.

Design and experiment of explosive cutting device of bail-out emergency exit

The technology of explosive cutting aircraft skin formed emergency exit was used in emergency evacuation of aircraft to save the time of evacuation. The feasibility of formed emergency exit through explosive cutting aircraft skin and fuselage frame in higher flight altitude was analyzed from the rapid decompression, construct distortion, construct intension and reverse impact of explosive to aircraft. Because of the exising of frame and rib, the linear shaped charge (LSC) must bend to round this construct which will reduce the cutting effects of LSC. In order to validate this phenomenon, plenty of experiment were carried out. The test result show that if the distance between the curving LSC and frame was controlled in 2 mm and 8 mm, and the distance between the curving LSC and rib was less than 2 mm, the request of cutting skin and frame can be satisfied. There is no interference between the curving LSC which round the frame and rib. The feasibility of explosive cutting aircraft skin formed emergency exit was proved by the full scale test of ground.