含能材料废料处理技术研究述评(Ⅰ)——安全销毁技术

概括了国内外固体推进剂、火炸药等含能材料(EM)废料处理技术的发展情况,介绍了缩小EM废料尺寸的高压液体切割技术和使EM废料脱敏的碱解法和乳化法等预处理技术,EM废料安全销毁的熔盐销毁(MSD)法、水热氧化(HTO)法、电化学法、湿空气氧化法等化学销毁技术以及堆肥合成、生物降解和生物转化的生物销毁技术。其中预处理与化学、生物处理相结合的综合销毁技术可以实现含能材料废料的安全销毁,最后分析了EM废料安全销毁技术研究的主要特点和发展趋势。

Review on the disposal techniques of energetic material wastes(Ⅰ)——safety destruction techniques

The development of disposal techniques for energetic material(such as solid rocket propellants and explosives)wastes at home and abroad was summarized,and some techniques were introduced,such as the high pressure liquid cutting technique for reducing EM wastes size,the pretreatment techniques for desensitizing the EM wastes by hydrolysis and emulsion,chemical destruction techniques of the EM wastes(molten salt destruction(MSD),hydrothermal oxidation(HTO),electrochemical treatment,wet air oxidation,etc.)and biology destruction methods(compost synthesis,biodegradation and conversion,etc).Safety destruction for the EM wastes can be finished by the disposal techniques combining pretreatment,chemical treatment with biology treatment.Finally the major features and development tendency of safety destruction for the EM wastes were analyzed.