民用发动机污染排放及低污染燃烧技术发展趋势

针对民用发动机污染排放的现状,介绍了低污染燃烧技术发展概况及趋势,国际民航组织(ICAO)颁布的《航空发动机的排放》标准,以及中国民用航空局(CAAC)对排气污染物的规定,分析了排气污染物的生成机理和主要影响因素以及改善措施.对6种先进低污染燃烧室(分级、变几何、催化、贫油预混预蒸发燃烧室(LPP)、富油燃烧/淬熄/贫油燃烧技术(RQL)以及双环预混旋流(TAPS)等燃烧室)的工作原理与特点、以及应用状况作了简要分析.其中分级燃烧技术构成了先进低污染燃烧室设计的技术基础,而LPP,RQL与TAPS燃烧室为三种很有发展前途的低污染燃烧室.此外,还介绍了贫油直接喷射、燃料电池以及主动燃烧控制等三种新型的低污染燃烧技术,虽然实现这些技术难度较大,但有广阔的应用前景. 

Pollutant emission and development of low-emission combustion technology for civil aero engine

Directed against the pollutant emission status of civil aero engine,the development of low-emissions combustion technology described is done.The standards for international civil aviation organization(ICAO) aircraft engine emissions and regulations of civil aviation administration of China(CAAC) exhaust emission are given.The formation mechanisms of exhaust emissions are summarized.Various factors influencing pollutant formation and improved approaches decreasing exhaust emission are discussed.The key features,combustion concept and application of six advanced low-emissions combustors(staged,variable geometry,and catalytic combustor,lean premixed prevaporized(LPP),rich-burn,quick-mix,lean-burn(RQL) and twin annular premixing swirler(TAPS)) are detailed.In these low-emission combustors,staged combustor is the foundational design scheme LPP,RQL and TAPS combustors have widely developed perspective.Some novel low-emission combustion concept,such as lean direct injection,fuel cell and active combustor control are recommended.These new low-emissions technology are very useful,however many formidable problems remain to be solved before the systems can be applied to advanced aircraft engines.