航空新型静电传感器建模与标定实验

静电传感器是一种用于航空发动机润滑油路中磨粒在线监测的新型传感器，为了对静电传感器的特性进行研究，改进了静电传感器的数学模型，设计了静电传感器标定装置。标定装置通过高压电场使油滴荷电，可以产生电量和极性可调的带电油滴，并可通过静电计准确测量产生的油滴电量。通过对数学模型的分析，以及标定实验的实验研究，确定了传感器的空间灵敏度分布；发现并验证了定速带电油滴沿着传感器固定径向位置移动时，静电传感器输出电压的峰值与施感电荷呈线性关系；通过标定实验获得了传感器的标定曲线，并进一步定量确定了传感器静态灵敏度在径向位置上的分布，标定实验也同时验证了数学模型的正确性。

Mathematical modelling and calibration experiment of new electrostatic sensor in aviation

Electrostatic inductive sensor is a new kind of sensor for in-line monitoring of abrasive grains in aviation flow oil system. In order to study the characteristics of the electrostatic sensor, we improved the mathematical model of the electrostatic sensor and designed an electrostatic sensor calibration device. With high voltage electric field, calibration device could generate charged oil droplets whose charge and polarity were adjustable, and with the Faraday cup and electrometer the charge of the oil droplets could be measured accurately. Through qualitative analysis of the mathematical model and calibration experimental verification experiments, we determined the distribution of the sensor's spatial sensitivity; then we discovered and verified that the peak output voltage of the electrostatic senor and the inducing charge had a linear relationship when the charged droplets moved along a fixed radial position and at an instant velocity in the sensor. Through the calibration experiments, we obtained the sensor's calibration curve, quantitatively determined the static sensitivity of the sensor on the radial position and proved the correctness of the mathematical model.