大型繁忙机场场面离场交通流拥堵特征分析

阐明机场场面交通流时空演变规律,揭示离场交通流拥堵机理是科学制定场面交通流管控策略的重要基础。采用元胞传输机理论,建立线性滑行道元胞、机坪发散/交叉元胞、汇聚元胞的交通流传输模型,并基于NetLogo系统动力学仿真平台,以广州白云国际机场为例验证了模型的有效性,进而推演分析了离场交通流基础相变特征及其影响机理。研究表明,场面离场交通流存在自由态、亚稳态、拥堵累积态和拥堵死锁态4种基础相态,指出调节与进场率相协调的推出率是有效控制离场交通流密度,缓解场面拥堵的重要手段。研究结果可为大型繁忙机场场面交通智能管控提供一定的理论基础和决策参考。

Characteristics analysis of departure traffic flow congestion in mega-airport surface

Expounding traffic flow spatial-temporal evolution laws on mega-airport surface and revealing departure traffic flow congestion mechanism are the significant basis of airport surface traffic flow management and control. By adopting cell transmission model, normal taxiway cells, apron cells and convergent cells operation model were established. Based on the NetLogo's system dynamics simulation platform, Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport surface operation was macroscopically simulated. By comparing the actual and simulation data, the proposed model was validated to be accurate and efficient. Simulation results show that departure traffic flow contains four basic phases:free, semi-stable, congestion accumulating and break-down, and adjusting pushback rate according to the arrival rate will be a critical method in controlling departure demand and alleviate traffic congestion. This research achievement may provide a theoretical basis and decision reference for intelligent traffic control in mega-airport.