高空长航时太阳能无人机总体设计要点分析

高空长航时（HALE）太阳能无人机（UAV）的基本工作原理与常规动力飞机相比有显著的区别，体现在飞机总体设计方法上有其独到之处，方案设计中还需要对一些关键技术细节进行认真权衡。阐述了高空长航时太阳能无人机总体设计中遵循的重量不变和能量平衡原则的机理，同时从太阳能无人机巡航平飞功率需求、布局形式选取、飞行剖面优化和临近空间使用环境影响等方面出发，研究了太阳能无人机总体设计中的若干注意事项，主要结论可用于高空长航时太阳能无人机总体设计和方案优化。

Essentials of configuration design of HALE solar-powered UAVs

There are significant differences between high altitude long endurance (HALE) solar-powered unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and conventional propulsion aircrafts. The configuration method for HALE solar-powered UAV has its own peculiarity, and some critical technical details must be paid attention to during schematic design. The mechanism of the general design method based on weight balance and energy balance for the HALE solar-powered UAV is analyzed. Some important factors are summed up including the power needed for level flight, the styles of configuration of HALE solar-powered UAV, the optimization of flight profile, operating environment influence, etc. The conclusions may be referred to in the configuration design and scheme optimization of solar-powered UAV.