Development of life support requirements for long-term space flight.

When humans move out into the solar system to stay for long durations, the most immediate challenge will be the provision of a life-supporting environment in locations that are naturally devoid of food, air, and water. Life support systems must provide these commodities in all phases of space flight--during intravehicular activity (IVA) and during extra-vehicle activity (EVA). Systems that support human life must provide: overall reliability in the space environment, allowing maintenance and component replacement in space; reduced resupply mass of consumables and spares; for planetary surfaces, the ability to utilize local resources for increased self sufficiency; and the minimized mass power and volume requirements necessary for all space flight systems. This paper will discuss the melding of these technical requirements in such a way as to meet the human needs of space flight.