An innovative approach for integrated airline network and aircraft family optimization

The determination of optimal aerial transport networks and their associated flight frequencies is crucial for the strategic planning of airlines, as well as for carrying out market research, to establish target markets, and for aircraft and crew rostering. In addition, optimum airplane types for the selected networks are crucial to improve revenue and to provide reduced operating costs. The present study proposes an innovative approach to determine the optimal aerial transport network simultaneously with the determination of the optimum fleet for that network, composed of three types of airplanes (network and vehicle integrated design). The network profit is maximized. The passenger’s demands between the airports are determined via a gravitational model. An embedded linear programming solution is responsible for obtaining potential optimal network configurations. The optimum fleet combination is determined from a database of candidate aircraft designs via genetic algorithm. A truly realistic airplane representation is made possible thanks to accurate surrogate models for engine and aerodynamics is adopted. An accurate engine deck encompassing a compression map and an innovative engine weight calculation besides an aerodynamical artificial neural network module enable a high degree of accuracy for the mission analysis. The proposed methodology is applied to obtain the optimum network comprised of twenty main Brazilian airports and corresponding fleet.     

流动阻力及能量损失对注射成型制件的影响

本文分析了在塑料熔体充满型腔的过程中，流动阻力及能量损失产生的形式和物理原因，进而讨论了对塑料制件成型及凝固过程中的影响。并提出降低影响的措施。     

滑油量对恒速传动装置的影响

本文介绍了中外航空公司飞机发动机恒速传动装置几个故障典例及造成的危害,分析了填加滑油量不当对发动机恒速传动装置的影响,提出了预防措施。     

Solar and Heliospheric Modulation of Galactic Cosmic Rays

The significance of external influences on the environment of Earth and its atmosphere has become evident during recent years. Especially, on time scales of several hundred years, the cosmogenic isotope concentration during the Wolf-, Spoerer-, Maunder- and Dalton-Minimum indicates an increased cosmic ray flux. Because these grand minima of solar activity coincide with cold periods, a correlation of the Earth climate with the cosmic ray intensities is plausible. Any quantitative study of the effects of energetic particles on the atmosphere and environment of the Earth must address their transport to Earth and their interactions with the Earth’s atmosphere including their filtering by the terrestrial magnetosphere. The first problem is one of the fundamental problems in modern cosmic ray astrophysics, and corresponding studies began in the 1960s based on Parker’s cosmic ray modulation theory taking into account diffusion, convection, adiabatic deceleration, and (later) the drift of energetic particles in the global heliospheric magnetic field. It is well established that all of these processes determining the modulation of cosmic rays are depending on parameters that are varying with the solar magnetic cycle. Therefore, the galactic cosmic ray intensities close to Earth is the result of a complex modulation of the interstellar galactic spectrum within the heliosphere. The modern view of this cosmic ray modulation is summarized in our contribution.     

拓宽周转齿轮系的应用

本文为拓宽创新设计机构的思路,扼要地介绍了一种利用空间周转轮系,实观机械手臂的公转与自转动作要求的机构运动分析、设计方案及结构参考图。     

工业远程监控系统实施新方案

近期远程监控系统在工业中逐步推广,针对工业系统的特点和工业网络的实际情况,在原有工业系统的基础上,增加现场设备区域的图像监控和数据传输功能,提出了一种工业远程监控系统实施方案。本文论述了该系统的结构、原理及实现方法,经具体实施证明,本文提出的方案已基本能够满足一个通用的基于公用网络的远程视频监控系统的要求,体现了较重要的理论价值和很强的工程实用价值。     

运载火箭增压输送系统启动过程的数字仿真研究

应用现代计算机仿真技术，在大量发动机试车数据和长征火箭各型号飞行遥测数据等的分析、统计基础上，建立新的增压输送系统启动过程的数学模型，进行了数字仿真研究。计算结果与各型号的飞行遥测相一致，大大减少了理论计算的误差，提高了增压计算的精确度，具有实际的意义。     

介质粘性对椭圆齿轮流量计性能影响的研究

本文根据粘性流体力学原理和转子动力学理论,分析了椭圆齿轮流量计的缝隙漏流和转子受力状况,建立了能预测介质粘性对流量计误差特性和压力损失影响的理论模型。数值计算表明,理论值与实验数据基本吻合。     

运载火箭阻尼安装板的设计

 <正>运载火箭在起飞和着陆时的瞬态载荷和飞行过程中的气动力的随机激励都是宽频带的。在这种环境中安装精密仪器的仪表板若采用过去常规的橡皮减振器减振已很难保证在较宽频带内都能起到应有的减振作用。利用阻尼材料做成的夹层板减振，国内外已做了大量的工作^[t~3]，取得了较为明显的效果。本文针对产品设计中要解决的减振问题，提出了设计思想、计算分析与试验方法。     

复杂空间四连杆传动系统的一种算法

1.引言 空间四连杆机构的运动关系是一个空间几何关系。确定四连杆相互位置时,存在着一球面与圆弧相交或两圆弧相交等情况,它们的运动与几何关系都以一些二次联立方程式表达。求解与根的判定都比较复杂,有时还要用迭代方法。本文所介绍的方法采用空间坐标变换,将空间四连杆机构的运动点转换到特定的平面内,利用平面三角形的几何关系求解。所用的方法都是典型的,简便易行,特别适用于计算机计算。