"回收/调节"方法在混合LES/RANS模拟方法中的应用

采用一种混合大涡模拟/雷诺平均Navier-Stokes(LES/RANS)模拟方法结合三阶加权基本无振荡(WENO)格式对马赫数为2.88的压缩斜坡流动进行了数值模拟,并采用"回收/调节"方法生成入口湍流脉动边界条件.当采用固定入口边界条件时,湍流边界层会缺乏合理的湍流能量,使之抵抗逆压梯度的能力减弱,会严重高估分离...     

椭圆的数控加工宏程序编制

根据华中世纪星数控系统及固定循环指令特点,将椭圆型腔的粗加工、精加工程序编制成固定循环格式,用户在加工过程中只需要用指令调用即可。这样在加工过程中大大缩短程序编制时间,提高数控宏程序的集成度,使数控机床高效、高精度的潜力被充分挖掘。     

Increased BLSS closure using mineralized human waste in plant cultivation on a neutral substrate

The purpose of this work was to study the full-scale potential use of human mineralized waste (feces and urine) as a source of mineral elements for plant cultivation in a biological life support system (BLSS). Plants that are potential candidates for a photosynthesizing link were grown on a neutral solution containing human mineralized waste. Spring wheat Triticum aestivum L., peas Pisum sativum L. Ambrosia cultivar and leaf lettuce Lactuca sativa L., Vitaminny variety, were used. The plants were grown hydroponically on expanded clay aggregates in a vegetation chamber in constant environmental conditions. During plant growth, a determined amount of human mineralized waste was added daily to the nutrient solution. The nutrient solution remained unchanged throughout the vegetation period. Estimated plant requirements for macro-elements were based on a total biological productivity of 0.04 kg day⁻¹ m⁻². As the plant requirements for potassium exceeded the potassium content of human waste, a water extract of wheat straw containing the required amount of potassium was added to the nutrient solution. The Knop’s solution was used in the control experiments.     

Tolerance of wheat and lettuce plants grown on human mineralized waste to high temperature stress

The main objective of a life support system for space missions is to supply a crew with food, water and oxygen, and to eliminate their wastes. The ultimate goal is to achieve the highest degree of closure of the system using controlled processes offering a high level of reliability and flexibility. Enhancement of closure of a biological life support system (BLSS) that includes plants relies on increased regeneration of plant waste, and utilization of solid and liquid human wastes. Clearly, the robustness of a BLSS subjected to stress will be substantially determined by the robustness of the plant components of the phototrophic unit. The aim of the present work was to estimate the heat resistance of two plants (wheat and lettuce) grown on human wastes. Human exometabolites mineralized by hydrogen peroxide in an electromagnetic field were used to make a nutrient solution for the plants. We looked for a possible increase in the heat tolerance of the wheat plants using changes in photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) intensity during heat stress. At age 15 days, plants were subjected to a rise in air temperature (from 23 ± 1 °C to 44 ± 1 °С) under different PAR intensities for 4 h. The status of the photosynthetic apparatus of the plants was assessed by external СО₂ gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. The increased irradiance of the plants during the high temperature period demonstrated its protective action for both the photosynthetic apparatus of the leaves and subsequent plant growth and development. The productivity of the plants subjected to temperature changes at 250 W m⁻² of PAR did not differ from that of controls, whereas the productivity of the plants subjected to the same heat stress but in darkness was halved.     

航空航天复合材料绿色化发展浅析

简述了航空航天复合材料绿色化技术的研究进展,包括复合材料的绿色化设计、绿色材料、绿色制造,以及回收再利用等技术,探讨了复合材料绿色化技术的发展前景。     

Reflected shock/turbulent boundary layer interaction structure analysis based on large eddy simulation

In order to understand the physical phenomenon of the reflected shock/turbulent boundary layer interaction, the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) is conducted to investigate shock wave and turbulent boundary layer interaction in a $12°$ compression ramp with inlet high Mach number of 2.9. Rescaling/recycling method is used as inflow turbulence generation technique and validated on a supersonic flat plate turbulent boundary layer. The flow field of recycling plane in the plate computation domain is obtained to give the inlet boundary condition for the LES computation. This paper focuses on the reflected shock/turbulent boundary layer interaction region, where the fine flow structure and instantaneous flow field are analyzed in detail. It is found that the unsteady motion of the shock wave leads to the increase of wall pressure fluctuation.     

Use of halophytic plants for recycling NaCl in human liquid waste in a bioregenerative life support system

The purpose of this work was to develop technology for recycling NaCl containing in human liquid waste as intrasystem matter in a bioregenerative life support system (BLSS). The circulation of Na⁺ and Cl⁻ excreted in urine is achieved by inclusion of halophytes, i.e. plants that naturally inhabit salt-rich soils and accumulate NaCl in their organs. A model of Na⁺ and Cl⁻ recycling in a BLSS was designed, based on the NaCl turnover in the human–urine–nutrient solution–halophytic plant–human cycle. The study consisted of (i) selecting a halophyte suitable for inclusion in a BLSS, and (ii) determining growth conditions supporting maximal Na⁺ and Cl⁻ accumulation in the shoots of the halophyte growing in a nutrient solution simulating mineralized urine. For the selected halophytic plant, Salicornia europaea, growth rate under optimal conditions, biomass production and quantities of Na⁺ and Cl⁻ absorbed were determined. Characteristics of a plant production conveyor consisting of S.europaea at various ages, and allowing continuity of Na⁺ and Cl⁻ turnover, were estimated. It was shown that closure of the NaCl cycle in a BLSS can be attained if the daily ration of fresh Salicornia biomass for a BLSS inhabitant is approximately 360 g.     

某型无人机伞降回收过程分析及回收策略研究

在分析某型无人机回收系统组成和工作程序的基础上,研究了某型无人机伞降回收过程的的运动特点,建立了某型无人机回收各个阶段的动力模型,通过数值仿真方法得到了回收各个阶段的运动特征,分析了回收过程的运动轨迹和落点误差的影响因素,在此基础上建立了合理的回收策略。     

二维进气道不启动流场非定常特性的混合LES/RANS模拟

采用一种混合大涡模拟/雷诺平均Navier-Stokes(LES/RANS)方程模拟方法结合5阶WENO(weighted essentially non-oscillatory)格式对马赫数为3的来流中、内收缩比为1.5的不启动状态下的二维进气道进行了计算,再现了不启动进气道中的非定常流场.计算结果表明:所采用的模拟方法对入口处的平均绝热壁温、摩擦速度和雷诺应力的计算精度较好,进气道不启动流场中激波波系和分离区存在大时空尺度的低频运动,其占主导的特征频率和典型的激波/湍流边界层干扰问题中激波和分离区的低频频率接近,且进气道出现了间歇性的启动状态.      

值得重视的复合材料研究新动向

参考国外复合材料研究动向,考虑到国内的实际,为拓宽复合材料应用领域,提出复合材料降价、改进简化复合工艺、减少辅助设施和复合材料再生利用等三个问题,其中降价问题采取四种技术途径,供大家研讨。