三元共掺杂对YSZ热障涂层热物理性能的影响

采用NiO、Er_2O_3、Yb_2O_3、Y-2O_3、ZrO_2粉末为原料,用高温固相合成法制备复合陶瓷材料,研究该复合陶瓷材料的比热、热扩散系数、热导率等热物理性能,并与传统8YSZ热障涂层材料进行对比。利用XRD测定所制备的陶瓷样块的晶体结构和物相组成,分析该陶瓷试样的物相组成及高温相稳定性。结果表明:NiO、Er_2O_3、Yb_2O_3共掺YSZ后,室温至1500℃范围内的热扩散系数为0.36～0.56 mm^2/s,与8YSZ相比,降低了约20%;室温至1500℃的热导率为1.45～1.55 W/(m·K),比8YSZ降低了18%;2EYNYSZ陶瓷材料具有单一的相结构,经1500℃热处理100 h之内不发生相变。     

Dissipation of magnetic fields in active galactic nuclei

A model for the emission processes causing rapid variability (less than one day) in active galactic nuclei is developed. Relativistic electron beams escape from reconnection sheets in coronae of accretion disks and excite plasma turbulence with a typical frequency , which depends on the electron number densityn (see also the contribution by R. van Oss). The finite lengths of different beams emerging from different reconnection sheets allows that the waves arecoherently scattered to frequencies ²_pe. For Lorentz factors 10³ and densities typical for disk coronaen10⁶ cm ^–3 (derived from iron line observations) one easily reaches the optical, frequency range. The time scale of the variability is then caused by the relaxation of the electron beams. Likewise, this model explains the very rapid variability in the X-ray (less than 10 minutes) by changing the parameters slightly. According to this scenario the higher the variable frequency is, the closer to the central black hole it should originate.     

Using high-energy proton fluence to improve risk prediction for consequences of solar particle events

The potential for exposure to large solar particle events (SPEs) with high energy levels is a major concern during interplanetary transfer and extra-vehicular activities (EVAs) on the lunar and Mars surface. Previously, we have used data from the last 5 solar cycles to estimate percentiles of dose to a typical blood-forming organ (BFO) for a hypothetical astronaut in a nominally shielded spacecraft during a 120-d lunar mission. As part of this process, we made use of complete energy spectra for 34 large historical SPEs to calculate what the BFO mGy-Eq dose would have been in the above lunar scenario for each SPE. From these calculated doses, we then developed a prediction model for BFO dose based solely on an assumed value of integrated fluence above 30 MeV (Φ₃₀) for an otherwise unspecified future SPE. In this study, we reasoned that since BFO dose is determined more by protons with higher energies than by those with lower energies, more accurate BFO dose prediction models could be developed using integrated fluence above 60 (Φ₆₀) and above 100 MeV (Φ₁₀₀) as predictors instead of Φ₃₀. However to calculate the unconditional probability of a BFO dose exceeding a pre-specified limit (“BFO dose risk”), one must also take into account the distribution of the predictor (Φ_30,Φ₆₀, or Φ₁₀₀), as estimated from historical SPEs. But Φ₆₀ and Φ₁₀₀ have more variability, and less available historical information on which to estimate their distributions over many SPE occurrences, than does Φ₃₀. Therefore, when estimating BFO dose risk there is a tradeoff between increased BFO dose prediction at a given energy threshold and decreased accuracy of models for describing the distribution of that threshold over future SPEs as the threshold increases. Even when taking the second of these two factors into account, we still arrived at the conclusion that overall prediction improves as the energy level threshold increases from 30 to 60 to 100 MeV. These results can be applied to the development of approaches to improve radiation protection of astronauts and the optimization of mission planning for future space missions.     

温度传感器辐射修正校准的准确牲研究

为了确定温度传感器辐射修正校准的准确性,需要对温度传感器辐射修正校准结果进行对比及不确定度分析。本文介绍了在热校准风洞中进行温度传感器辐射修正校准的结果,并做了对比研究和不确定度分析。     

飞机系统可靠性的电磁兼容预测研究

对飞机可靠性工程中的有关系统内电磁瘘容性分析和预测程序进行了研究开发,详细论述了天线对天线干扰的传播模型、导线与导线间的耦合模型、电磁场对导线的感应模型、设备对设备的耦合模型以及其编程语言、输入数据处理方法等开发技术。给出其计算结果,并与实验数据作了比较,结果表明,可提高系统的可靠性。     

翼尖装置优化设计研究

使用面元法气动分析软件VSAERO对机翼与翼梢小翼组合体模型进行数值模拟,并采用Steve Smith提出的诱导阻力优化方法对翼梢小翼的定位进行优化设计。结果表明,能够有效地预测出翼梢小翼的最优定位,在翼梢小翼优化设计中具有很好的适用性。     

高速飞行器轻质防热材料高温环境下的隔热性能研究

导弹等高速飞行器广泛采用轻质材料进行热防护,但实际使用的轻质防热材料由于在密度、质量、工艺、生产批次等多方面的原因,厂家提供的非连续表征的离散式材料导热系数,与非线性连续变化的实际热参数之间存在一定差别.建立轻质防热材料高温导热系数测量装置,通过试验得到轻质高温陶瓷隔热材料导热系数与温度之间的非线性关系,为提高数值计算...     

Hi content in cluster and supercluster galaxies

In this lecture I review part of the published and unpublished observational evidence showing that cluster spiral galaxies are hydrogen deficient. Always using observational data, it is argued that the deficiency is due to the interaction between the galaxies and the intergalactic medium. Furthermore it is shown that the stellar population of deficient galaxies has also been affected and a brief discussion is given of the mechanisms at work.