Obscured Activity: AGN, Quasars, Starbursts and ULIGs Observed by the Infrared Space Observatory

Some of the most ‘active’ galaxies in the Universe are obscured by large quantities of dust and emit a substantial fraction of their bolometric luminosity in the infrared. Observations of these infrared luminous galaxies with the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) have provided a relatively unabsorbed view to the sources fuelling this active emission. The improved sensitivity, spatial resolution and spectroscopic capability of ISO over its predecessor Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS) of enabled significant advances in the understanding of the infrared properties of active galaxies. ISO surveyed a wide range of active galaxies which, in the context of this review, includes those powered by intense bursts of star formation as well as those containing a dominant active galactic nucleus (AGN). Mid-infrared imaging resolved for the first time the dust enshrouded nuclei in many nearby galaxies, while a new era in infrared spectroscopy was opened by probing a wealth of atomic, ionic and molecular lines as well as broad band features in the mid- and far-infrared. This was particularly useful, since it resulted in the understanding of the power production, excitation and fuelling mechanisms in the nuclei of active galaxies including the intriguing but so far elusive ultraluminous infrared galaxies. Detailed studies of various classes of AGN and quasars greatly improved our understanding of the unification scenario. Far-infrared imaging and photometry revealed the presence of a new very cold dust component in galaxies and furthered our knowledge of the far-infrared properties of faint starbursts, ULIGs and quasars. We summarise almost nine years of key results based on ISO data spanning the full range of luminosity and type of active galaxies.     

弹道靶红外辐射测量

为深入认识再入物理现象 ,在弹道靶上做了模型头部和近尾流红外辐射测量。发射器为 1 4.5mm口径的二级轻气炮 ,模型为1 0mm的球 ,材料为聚碳酸酯和铝 ,模型发射速度 4～6km/s,使用红外InSb探测器测量波长 3～ 5 .4μm的红外辐射 ,靶室压力 5 .32kPa。实验中使用光电法测量模型速度 ,两站阴影照相进行模型姿态监测和速度核实。实验结果表明 :球模型的红外辐射强度强烈依赖于模型材料和模型飞行速度。对不同材料模型头部和尾流部辐射强度的定性比较说明由于低温材料烧蚀产物的存在 ,极大地增强了头部和近尾流区的辐射强度 ,而且延长了尾流辐射长度     

燃气收缩式作动器--一种新颖高效的着陆缓冲装置

文章介绍一种新颖的着陆缓冲装置——燃气收缩式作动器。可是在回收物体乘降落伞着陆前,通过回收物体快速向上（向降落伞方向）提升,抵消物伞系统的垂直下降速度,从而达到回收物体以很小的速度着陆,实现回收物体的软着陆。     

红外隐身材料的研究进展

红外探测器的高度发展已使用于目标表面的热红外隐身材料成为飞行器隐身技术中的一个重要组成部分。但对这种材料的发展情况,以往的文献一向较少涉及。本文概括了这种材料的一般性能要求,较全面地评述了十余年来红外隐身材料研究中各主要方面的发展情况,并分析了一些重要材料品种的特点、性能水平、技术影响因素、存在的问题和发展趋势。     

着陆缓冲技术综述

着陆缓冲技术是空间飞行器返回技术的重要组成部分。利用着陆缓冲装置可以明显降低降落伞的面积、减小回收系统的重量,同时大幅度降低飞行器着陆时的冲击载荷。近些年来,着陆缓冲技术有了些新的发展。文中对已有的着陆缓冲装置进行了分类,对每种类型的技术性能、使用范围作了评述。     

红外探测阵列对固体导弹尾焰跟踪定位的研究

通过分析研究建立了前视红外探测阵列ＦＬＩＲ（Ｆｏｒｗａｒｄ Ｌｏｏｋｉｎｇ Ｉｎｆｒａ－Ｒｅｄ）对导弹进行精确跟踪、定位的数学模型，其中包括导弹的运动模型、大气干扰模型和探测阵列的观测模型。利用探测阵列ＦＬＩＲ的原始观测数据，扩展卡尔曼滤波器（ＥＫＦ）精确跟踪导弹目标。由于导弹与探测器的距离较远，故为视为点目标。导弹在探测阵列上投影的位置由两部分组成：导弹真实运动位置和由于大气干扰造成的偏移。滤波     

微波衰减测量过程失控的原因分析及解决方案

针对高频串联替代法微波衰减测量标准装置测量过程所出现的失控现象 ,从测量标准仪器、被测仪器、测量方法、人为因素等方面分析了失控的原因 ,制定并实施了相应的解决方案 ,使测量过程恢复到统计受控状态     

利用林胶茶人工群落减弱台风对橡胶林破坏机理的风洞模拟试验研究

本文研究台风登陆时（中性大层结）胶茶人工群落内部及上部风速的变化，湍流结构的变化及阻力的变化，来分析判断基减弱台风破坏的机理，评定最佳防风效果的林胶茶人工群落方案。试验研究证明台风吹向胶茶人工群落，台风越过和穿过林带，由于气流与树冠，枝叶的冲击与摩作用，使台风风速大大降低，使动能大大损失，使原来动能强和湍流弱的较大尺度旋涡的台风，变成旋涡尺度较小的动能弱湍流强的湍流，湍流能量的增强反映了风速递减率     

Expectations for Infrared Spectroscopy of 9P/Tempel 1 from Deep Impact

The science payload on the Deep Impact mission includes a 1.05–4.8 μm infrared spectrometer with a spectral resolution ranging from R∼200–900. The Deep Impact IR spectrometer was designed to optimize, within engineering and cost constraints, observations of the dust, gas, and nucleus of 9P/Tempel 1. The wavelength range includes absorption and emission features from ices, silicates, organics, and many gases that are known to be, or anticipated to be, present on comets. The expected data will provide measurements at previously unseen spatial resolution before, during, and after our cratering experiment at the comet 9P/Tempel 1. This article explores the unique aspects of the Deep Impact IR spectrometer experiment, presents a range of expectations for spectral data of 9P/Tempel 1, and summarizes the specific science objectives at each phase of the mission.     

高超声速小钝锥尾流化学非平衡辐射研究

本文主要目的是研究化学非平衡对高超声速小钝锥尾流辐射的影响。计算结果表明：激发发射辐射比化学发光辐射重要，红外辐射比可光辐射重要。结果还表明：由化学非平衡瞬时辐射模型计算求得的ＮＯ５．３μ的辐射能比由局部平衡辐射模型求得的辐射能大３０￣７０％。由此可知，小钝锥尾流的化学非平衡辐射模型对辐射的影响是不能忽略的。