Collision Risk Mitigation in Geostationary Orbit

The short- and long-term effects of spacecraft explosions, as a function of the end-of-life re-orbit altitude above the geostationary orbit (GEO), were analyzed in terms of their additional contribution to the debris flux in the GEO ring. The simulated debris clouds were propagated for 72yrs, taking into account all the relevant orbital perturbations.The results obtained show that 6–7 additional explosions in GEO would be sufficient, in the long term, to double the current collision risk with sizable objects in GEO. Unfortunately, even if spacecraft were to re-orbit between 300 and 500km above GEO, this would not significantly improve the situation. In fact, an altitude increase of at least 2000km would have to be adopted to reduce by one order of magnitude the long-term risk of collision among geostationary satellites and explosion fragments. The optimal debris mitigation strategy should be a compromise between the reliability and effectiveness of spacecraft end-of-life passivation, the re-orbit altitude and the acceptable debris background in the GEO ring. However, for as long as the re-orbit altitudes currently used are less than 500km above GEO, new spacecraft explosions must be avoided in order to preserve the geostationary environment over the long term.     

Space traffic control: a view of the future

This paper provides an overview of a system for providing reliable, ongoing, timely situational awareness services to satellite operators. Such services would include close approach warnings, warnings of potential radio frequency interference, and other offerings designed to help make operators aware of possible threats to the safe operation of their spacecraft and measures they can take to lessen these threats. The paper discusses current trends, proposes operational requirements, and speculates on the type of organization that may emerge to provide space traffic control services. It highlights how the detailed information required for such services may affect the evolution of the use of space.     

Tether Satellite System Collision Study

A study was performed to determine the probability of collision with resident space objects and untrackable debris for the tether component of the Tethered Satellite System (TSS) after it broke away from the Space Shuttle orbiter (mission STS-75) in February 1996. Both an analytical and a numerical approach were used in this study, and the results obtained with these two methods were found to be in good agreement. These results show that the deployed tether is expected to have been impacted by several particles 0.1mm or larger in size. The probability of collision with objects 10cm in size or larger was on the order of 10^–3 per month. Since the severed tether reentered within one month after deployment, the collision hazard to other objects while in orbit was small. The analytical methods used in this study are useful for tether collision evaluations in general.     

鸟撞飞机的一般规律和防撞措施

 1.按月份统计的事故次数 不同月份鸟撞事故的次数有明显的差别。图1中实线是中国空军1957年～1982年50例的统计情况;虚线是美国空军1966年～1972年2492例的统计情况。资料表明,每年4月、5月、9月、10月为事故多发期,约占60％。日本一家民航公司1981年～1983年的统计表明约有60％的事故发生在7月～10月中。究其原因,一是春秋两季为候鸟迁徙期;二是此     

高速列车进入带缓冲结构隧道的压力变化研究（I）

给出了列车穿越带有缓冲结构的隧道压力变化的三维粘性流场数值模拟过程，控制方程为三维粘性、可压缩、非定常流的N．S方程，空间离散采用了中心有限体积法格式，时间采用预处理二阶精度多步后差分格式进行离散，对列车与隧道之间的相对运动采用移动网格技术处理。对不同的缓冲结构缓解隧道内瞬变压力及压力梯度的作用进行了研究。研究结果表明，缓冲结构的设置能够有效地降低隧道内的压力和压力梯度的最大值，其原因在于缓冲结构延长了压缩波压力上升的时间，降低列车突入隧道时所形成的最大压力梯度；另一方面由于压缩波在缓冲结构和列车、隧道之间多次的反射，也降低了压力峰值。     

切削加工的发展趋势

从加工技术和机床技术两个方面介绍了切削加工领域的先进技术和发展趋势。描述了高速切削技术的现状,直线电机的应用,高效环保切削加工,机床的并联机构及相关的测量控制系统。     

轮控小行星探测器建模及跳跃移动仿真

小行星探测器在弱引力环境下无法采用传统的轮式机构进行移动。为解决该问题,采用反作用飞轮对探测器跳跃移动进行控制,并分析了该方案的可行性。根据Hertz碰撞定律及简化的Karnopp切向摩擦力模型,建立了探测器与地面的接触力模型。分析了轮控小行星探测器的起跳过程,给出了探测器静止起跳所需要的最小飞轮力矩关系。考虑到反作用飞轮存在惯性、粘滞、摩擦等情况,建立了轮控探测器的姿态动力学模型,并对探测器在均匀重力场下的连续跳跃过程进行了控制策略设计及仿真。结果表明:基于飞轮控制的小行星探测器跳跃移动在微重力环境下是可行的,且可以通过施加合适的控制力矩维持探测器跳跃的方向及跳跃过程的稳定性。     

高速数字设计及其在卫星定位接收机中的应用

高灵敏度卫星定位接收机的迅速发展是未来定位导航产业的必然趋势。本文主要介绍高灵敏度卫星导航接收机的组成和设计概要。分析了数字电路设计中常遇到的信号完整性问题。着重对高速数字系统定义和传输线阻抗进行了理论分析,运用Cadence公司的ALLEGROPCBSIGXL软件给出了层叠等的设置方法和一些重要信号的分析仿真。将高速数字设计的理论分析与实际应用相结合,在卫星定位接收机主板设计中得到了验证。     

降低气动效应综合措施的实验研究

中国正在大力发展城际高速铁路运输,而在线路中有隧道时,列车进出隧道所产生的微压波问题已经成为限制高速铁路安全、环保、健康发展的障碍。大量研究表明：隧道出口的微压波强度与压缩波的压力梯度成正比,可以通过分析压缩波的压力梯度变化来评价降低微压波的效果。采用模型试验方法,对缓冲设施、减压竖井降低压缩波峰值和压力梯度峰值的效果进行了测试分析。实验结果表明：减压竖井降低首波压力峰值、压力梯度峰值效果明显;洞口缓冲设施降低首波压力峰值的效果不明显,降低压力梯度峰值效果明显,并且降低压力梯度的效果与速度相关。     

多核DSP实时图像处理平台设计与实现

为了实现对高帧率、高分辨率图像的智能化实时处理,要求图像处理系统具有较高的数据传输带宽和数据处理能力。采用多核DSP作为核心处理器来解决目前图像采集平台面临的数据传输瓶颈和处理瓶颈,利用FPGA硬件化并行处理的特性完成多路视频的预处理,设计了高速串口RapidIo通信接口实现视频的实时传输,对DSP的多核调度特性进行分析,保证处理的实时性,并采用相关算法验证系统的性能。