Mapping mean lake surface from satellite altimetry and GPS kinematic surveys

Lake water height is a key variable in water cycle and climate change studies, which is achievable using satellite altimetry constellation. A method based on data processing of altimetry from several satellites has been developed to interpolate mean lake surface (MLS) over a set of 22 big lakes distributed on the Earth. It has been applied on nadir radar altimeters in Low Resolution Mode (LRM: Jason-3, Saral/AltiKa, CryoSat-2) in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) mode (Sentinel-3A), and in SAR interferometric (SARin) mode (CryoSat-2), and on laser altimetry (ICESat). Validation of the method has been performed using a set of kinematic GPS height profiles from 18 field campaigns over the lake Issykkul, by comparison of altimetry’s height at crossover points for the other lakes and using the laser altimetry on ICESat-2 mission. The precision reached ranges from 3 to 7 cm RMS (Root Mean Square) depending on the lakes. Currently, lake water level inferred from satellite altimetry is provided with respect to an ellipsoid. Ellipsoidal heights are converted into orthométric heights using geoid models interpolated along the satellite tracks. These global geoid models were inferred from geodetic satellite missions coupled with absolute and regional anomaly gravity data sets spread over the Earth. However, the spatial resolution of the current geoid models does not allow capturing short wavelength undulations that may reach decimeters in mountaineering regions or for rift lakes (Baikal, Issykkul, Malawi, Tanganika). We interpolate in this work the geoid height anomalies with three recent geoid models, the EGM2008, XGM2016 and EIGEN-6C4d, and compare them with the Mean Surface of 22 lakes calculated using satellite altimetry. Assuming that MLS mimics the local undulations of the geoid, our study shows that over a large set of lakes (in East Africa, Andean mountain and Central Asia), short wavelength undulations of the geoid in poorly sampled areas can be derived using satellite altimetry. The models used in this study present very similar geographical patterns when compared to MLS. The precision of the models largely depends on the location of the lakes and is about 18 cm, in average over the Earth. MLS can serve as a validation dataset for any future geoid model. It will also be useful for validation of the future mission SWOT (Surface Water and Ocean Topography) which will measure and map water heights over the lakes with a high horizontal resolution of 250 by 250 m.     

A Geosynchronous Orbit Search Strategy

Since more than 10 years there is evidence that small-size space debris is accumulating in the geosynchronous orbit (GEO), probably as the result of breakups. Two break-ups have been reported in GEO. The 1978 break-up of an EKRAN 2 satellite, SSN 10365, was identified in 1992, and in 1992 a Titan 3C Transtage, SSN 3432, break-up produced at least twenty observable pieces. Subsequently several nations performed optical surveys of the GEO region in the form of independent observation campaigns. Such surveys suffer from the fact that the field of view of optical telescopes is small compared with the total area covered by the GEO ring. As a consequence only a small volume of the orbital element-magnitude-space is covered by each individual survey. Results from these surveys are thus affected by observational biases and therefore difficult to compare. This paper describes the development of a common search strategy to overcome these limitations. The strategy optimizes the sampling for objects in orbits similar to the orbits of the known GEO population but does not exclude the detection of objects with other orbital planes. A properly designed common search strategy clearly eases the comparison of results from different groups and the extrapolation from the sparse (biased) samples to the entire GEO environment.     

宇航科学文献情报源初析

本文通过对《宇航学报》1981～1988年322篇论文中2466条参考文献的统计分析,得出以下结论,(a)宇航科学的文献情报源重在期刊类文献。(b)以《宇航学报》、《航空学报》、《AIAA,Jourual》等六种期刊类文献为重点文献。(c)中文的引文作者和论文作者相对集中。(d)期刊类文献的半衰期为8～10年。     

基元化学反应一维爆轰波的数值模拟

应用基元化学反应模型对一维氢氧混合气体爆轰波进行数值模拟。采用一端高温高压点火起爆的方式,模拟爆轰波的传播。对一维爆轰波的结构、传播特征以及各个化学组分的变化趋势进行了研究。通过将模拟的结果同国内外的研究结果进行对比,发现了一些规律,为多维爆轰波的数值模拟和脉冲爆轰发动机的研究奠定一定的基础。     

A survey of radio jets with Chandra and HST

Relativistic jets are a common property of radio-loud Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN). Understanding jet physical properties is an essential precursor to understanding the mechanisms of energy transport, and ultimately, how energy is extracted from the central black hole. In this paper, I highlight recent developments from Chandra and HST observations of kpc-scale jets in AGN, with particular emphasis on our survey of 17 radio jets in a sample of FRII radio galaxies. These observations show that (1) X-ray and optical emission is common from kpc-scale jets, (2) a large fraction of the bolometric luminosity is emitted at X-rays, and (3) in most sources, a candidate emission process for the X-rays is inverse Compton scattering of the Cosmic Microwave Background off the relativistic electrons in the jet. If the latter scenario holds, the implication is that jets are still relativistic on kpc scales.     

基于摄影测量技术的航天发动机装配过程几何参数测量方法研究

当前我国航天发动机装配过程几何参数的测量方法为专业人员操作激光跟踪仪或全站仪逐点位进行测量,此类方法存在测量效率低的缺点。针对此问题,提出了一种高效的基于摄影测量技术的航天发动机装配过程几何参数测量方法,对该测量方法的测量原理进行了介绍,详细说明了这一方法各测量环节实现的测量目的,最后通过实测数据计算工业数字摄影测量技术在此类应用中的系统准确度,证明了该测量方法的可行性。     

新型冗余双目PNP摄影定位方法研究CSCD

介绍了一种新型冗余双目PNP摄影定位方法。该测试方法,通过建立图像坐标系、摄像机坐标系和世界坐标系的关系,并通过坐标转换可以求出被测物体的三维绝对位置,从而实现了视觉定位。与单目摄影定位方法相比,该定位测试方法具有定位精度高,可靠性好,并可应用于其他相关领域。     

基于惯性定位定向的高铁轨检仪研究

根据高铁轨道静态检测的测量需求,设计了一种利用定位定向技术的0级轨检仪,详细阐述了其构成和工作原理,介绍了其特点。通过对比性分析论证,优选了一种测量精度高、操作方法简单且可大幅度提高测量效率的设计方案。理论仿真表明,本系统测量精度能够达到优于13mm/km水平。根据理论仿真结果搭建了原理简易验证设备,结合高铁测控网的测量基准,在一段高铁的弯道铁轨上进行了验证测试。从测试结果看,样机测量精度的重复性可以到达1mm/500m（1σ）的水平,10次测量效率优于500m/2h,表明采用定位定向技术的0级轨检仪具备实际工程化的潜力,以及提高测量效率和精度的能力。     

工程化复合材料结构优化设计方法

复合材料结构的可设计性带来大量设计变量,单靠传统方法难以实现结构优化,复合材料结构优化的铺层优化设计也是关键问题之一。从工程实际出发,探讨具有工程操作性的复合材料结构优化设计方法,形成 从结构布置优化到初始尺寸优化,再到详细铺层优化的三级优化设计方法,并在设计过程中加入符合复合材料 工艺要求的制造性约束;以某飞机复合材料垂尾翼盒结构设计为例,采用该方法对其进行优化设计。结果表明:本文提出的三级优化设计方法是适用于航空复合材料结构优化设计的一种通用方法,可降低结构质量、缩短研制周期。     

一种四层次样本轮换方法——基于多阶段季度调查的研究

四阶段抽样季度调查需要实施四层次样本轮换,在构造四层次样本轮换方法时主要应考虑三个问题,一是相邻两个季度四级单元的样本拼配率,二是相邻两年相同季度四级单元的样本拼配率,三是保证各级单元的样本拼配率在轮换过程中保持不变。如果一级单元、二级单元、三级单元和四级单元的样本轮换模式分别为32in、16in、8in和2-2-2（4）,则这四个样本轮换模式就可组合成一种四层次样本轮换方法。该方法可以应用于中国劳动力调查的四层次样本轮换中。