Impact of rain on wave retrieval from Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar images in tropical cyclones

The main objective of our work was to investigate the impact of rain on wave observations from C-band (~5.3 GHz) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) in tropical cyclones. In this study, 10 Sentinel-1 SAR images were available from the Satellite Hurricane Observation Campaign, which were taken under cyclonic conditions during the 2016 hurricane season. The third-generation wave model, known as Simulating WAves Nearshore (SWAN) (version 41.31), was used to simulate the wave fields corresponding to these Sentinel-1 SAR images. In addition, rainfall data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission satellite passing over the spatial coverage of the Sentinel-1 SAR images were collected. The simulated results were validated against significant wave heights (SWHs) from the Jason-2 altimeter and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts data, revealing a root mean square error (RMSE) of ~0.5 m with a 0.25 scatter index. Winds retrieved from the VH-polarized Sentinel-1 SAR images using the Sentinel-1 Extra Wide-swath Mode Wind Speed Retrieval Model after Noise Removal were taken as prior information for wave retrieval. It was discovered that rain did indeed affect the SAR wave retrieval, as evidenced by the 3.21-m RMSE of SWHs between the SAR images and the SWAN model, which was obtained for the ~1000 match-ups with raindrops. The raindrops dampened the wave retrieval when the rain rate was < ~5 mm/hr; however, they enhanced wave retrieval for higher rain rates. It was also found that the portion of the rain-induced ring wave with a wave number > 0.05 rad/m (~125 m wavelength) was clearly observed in the SAR-derived wave spectra.     

大型内螺纹的数控铣削加工

介绍大型精密内螺纹旋风铣削加工的工艺方法和编程,主要针对螺纹直径为非标准、工件材质过硬且孔数较多的大型精密内螺纹的加工。实践表明,该方法加工效率高,且可严格控制螺纹的精度。     

航空发动机离心通风器计算

离心通风器性能对减少航空发动机滑油的消耗有着重要的意义。应用欧拉-拉格朗日方法对某型航空发动机离心通风器内部两相流场进行数值模拟。分析油气比、转速和空气流量对离心通风器最小分离直径、分离效率、总压降的影响。结果表明:油气比对离心通风器的影响很小;空气流量的增加会引起总压降的快速升高;随着转速的增大,最小分离直径的变化能达到1～3 mm;转速和空气流量的变化对分离效率的影响均比较明显,转速的增高使分离效率随之增大,而空气流量的增高则会使分离效率先增大后减小。     

直升机/粒子分离器一体化流场特性: 第一部分 前进比的影响

针对典型布局条件下直升机/粒子分离器的一体化流动特性进行了仿真研究.利用相关试验数据对仿真方法的有效性进行了检验,将整体式粒子分离器安装至类“阿帕奇”直升机外型上,形成了一种典型直升机/粒子分离器布局方案,并分析了其在不同前进比下的一体化流场特性.结果表明:较高前进比下,在粒子分离器进口上游的齿轮箱外罩上出现了复杂的三维流动分离,使得粒子分离器在较不均匀的进口来流条件下工作.与独立粒子分离器状态相比,一体化条件下粒子分离器主流出口、扫气流出口的总压损失均有所加大,增幅分别为1%和8%.      

多区域多重网格法在直升机粒子分离器中的应用

首次将多区域多重网格法用在一般曲线坐标系下交错网格布局的 SIMPLEC算法中,在直升机粒子分离器这类独特结构中的成功应用,突破多重网格方法在多连通域中运用的局限性,使复杂问题变得简单。结果表明,它不仅能加快流场求解的收敛速度,而且还能提高计算精度。     

新型空气低温跨声速原理性风洞研制

为解决常规风洞雷诺数模拟不足的问题,采用低温风洞已被证明是一条可行的途径。目前世界上几乎所有运转的低温风洞都是采用液氮气化吸热方法来降低和保持试验气体的温度。对于大型低温风洞,这种制冷方案存在着运转费用高昂和环境污染的缺点。为克服上述缺点,俞鸿儒院士提出了一种用空气作试验气体,藉热分离器制冷并回收排气冷量的新型低温风洞的概念。此原理性风洞的研制就是要从其基本原理、设计特点及实验结果等方面来验证和探讨这种新概念的可行性和应用前景。     

采用非均匀反弹特性壁面的粒子分离器研究

为了在不改变流道几何型面的基础上实现对较大粒径砂尘轨迹的有效组织,借助数值仿真技术,对一类典型无旋式惯性粒子分离器流道内两相流场展开了模拟研究。通过对典型工况下粒子分离器内砂尘轨迹的追踪和细致分析,首先获得了壁面反弹主导下的较大粒径砂尘的三类基本运动模式及其主要特征。而后以此为基础,充分利用2024铝合金、7020橡胶以及45钢3种典型壁面在反弹特性上的差异,同时结合原流道型面,完成了一种基于非均匀壁面的粒子分离器方案设计。计算表明:通过对鼓包迎风面等关键区域的壁面材质的特殊设计,可在不降低气动性能的前提下实现AC砂及C砂分离效率的显著提升,其增幅分别为6.0%和13.7%。      

三维LDV光学系统技术方案的研究

通过自行设计制造色分离器、一维发射系统、提升反射镜组针丹麦ＤＡＮＴＥＣ的二维ＬＤＶ改造为三维ＬＤＶ。提出了镀膜分光和紫光滤光片提纯相结合的最佳分色方案并研制了镀膜分色片、紫光波光片这两种关键部件。通过联调作校准试验,证明本三维ＬＤＶ系统完全达到了设计技术指标。     

Simultaneous observations of Pc 1 micropulsation activity and stratospheric electrodynamic perturbations on 27 January 2003

The 2nd Polar Patrol Balloon campaign (2nd-PPB) was carried out at Syowa Station in Antarctica during 2002–2003. Identical stratospheric balloon payloads were launched as close together in time as allowed by weather conditions to constitute a cluster of balloons during their flights. A very pronounced negative ion conductivity enhancement was observed at 32 km in the stratosphere below the auroral zone on 27 January 2003 from 1500 to 2200 UT. During this event, the conductivity doubled for an interval of about 7 h. This perturbation was associated with an extensive Pc 1 or Pi 1 wave event that was observed by several Antarctic ground stations, balloon PPB 10, and the Polar spacecraft. No appreciable X-ray precipitation was observed in association with this event, which would point to >60 Mev proton precipitation as a possible magnetosphere–stratosphere coupling mechanism responsible for the conductivity enhancement. Such precipitation is consistent with the wave data. During the latter half of the event, E_z was briefly positive. There was a tropospheric Southern Ocean storm system underneath the balloon during this interval. If the event was associated with this storm system and not energetic proton precipitation, the observations imply an electrified Southern Ocean storm and major perturbations in stratospheric conductivity driven by a tropospheric disturbance. This event represents a poorly understood source for global circuit current. Precipitating energetic proton data from Akebono and NOAA POES spacecraft show significant >16 MeV precipitation was occurring at the location of PPB 8 but not PPB 10, suggesting that proton precipitation was, in fact, the responsible coupling mechanism.     

D-region ionospheric disturbances associated with the Extremely Severe Cyclone Fani over North Indian Ocean as observed from two tropical VLF stations

The D-region ionospheric disturbances due to the tropical cyclone Fani over the Indian Ocean have been analysed using Very Low Frequency (VLF) radio communication signals from three transmitters (VTX, NWC and JJI) received at two low latitude stations (Kolkata-CUB and Cooch Behar-CHB). The cyclone Fani formed from a depression on 26th April, 2019 over the Bay of Bengal (Northeastern part of the Indian Ocean) and turned into an extremely severe cyclone with maximum 1-min sustained winds of 250 km/h on 2 May, 2019 which made landfall on 3 May, 2019. Out of six propagation paths, five propagation paths, except the JJI-CHB which was far away from the cyclone track, showed strong perturbations beyond $3\sigma$ level compared to unperturbed signals. Consistent good correlations of VLF signal perturbations with the wind speed and cyclone pressure have been seen for both the receiving stations. Computations of radio signal perturbations at CUB and CHB using the Long Wave Propagation Capability (LWPC) code revealed a Gaussian perturbation in the D-region ionosphere. Analysis of atmospheric temperature at different layers from the NASA’s TIMED satellite revealed a cooling effect near the tropopause and warming effects near the stratopause and upper mesosphere regions on 3 May, 2019. This study shows that the cyclone Fani perturbed the whole atmosphere, from troposphere to ionosphere and the VLF waves responded to the disturbances in the conductivity profiles of the lower ionosphere.