复合材料层合板宽度尺寸效应的混合模型

研究了影响复合材料层合板强度尺寸效应的两个主要影响因素:统计尺寸效应和自由边效应。统计尺寸效应采用经典的Weibull最弱环理论描述。提出了"废宽度"的概念,将自由边效应和最终失效强度联系起来。综合这两种效应,得到了影响纤维增强复合材料(Fiber reinforced plastic,FRP)宽度尺寸效应的混合模型。引用D Kujawski的试验数据对混合模型进行了验证,结果表明:混合模型能够准确地预测不同宽度试件的最终失效强度。     

Dynamics of ion energy-dispersed structures near the plasma sheet outer boundary

An analysis of energy-dispersed structures of protons and populations of electrons has been made using the Interball-2 satellite data for the apogee parts of 1579 (September 13, 1997) and 1276 (July 2, 1997) orbits. At each orbit, the satellite crossed the auroral zone twice at altitudes of 13500–19000 km moving first poleward (the first crossing) and then equatorward (the second crossing). A transformation of the types of energy-dispersed structures near the outer boundary of the auroral zone was observed at the first and second crossings: VDIS into TDIS (orbit 1579) and TDIS into VDIS (orbit 1276). The VDIS represent solitary structures of 0.3–10 keV consisting of several small-scale structures 2–5 min long, while the TDIS are repeating injections of 1–14 keV 1–3 min long with the repetition period of 2–4 min. It is shown that the VDIS-to-TDIS and TDIS-to-VDIS transformations are distinctly related to the phase of a substorm. The VDIS were observed under magnetically quiet conditions before a substorm or at the recovery phase of a substorm, while TDIS were observed during the main phase of a substorm.