基于小波分解与分形内插相结合的地形数据压缩方法

地形匹配制导中需要使用大量的地形数据，因此有效的地形数据压缩技术是非常重要的。传统的地形数据压缩方法主要采用线性内插的方法，但这对于地形起伏较大的山区地形失真太大，不能满足高精度导航的要求。本文基于小波分解与分形内插相结合的方法，提出了一种新的地形数据压缩方法，它具有压缩比高，保真性好，解码快的特点，特别适合山区地形数据的压缩。     

导弹撞地概率对参数选择的影响

研究了巡航导弹的撞地概率和系统参数选择的关系问题。首先在考虑了地形随机输入和低空风随机干扰共同作用的情况下,推导了撞地概率的计算方法。其次以导弹主要参数（ａ２４和Ｋｈ）的选择为例,在给定条件下求出了它们和撞地概率的关系曲线,并分析了它们对撞地概率的影响。研究结果表明,协调选择ａ２４和Ｋｈ等参数,能有效降低撞地概率,提高巡航导弹的作战效能。     

TOPSAR data focusing based on azimuth scaling preprocessing

Both Doppler spectral aliasing and azimuth output time folding simultaneously exist in TOPSAR (Terrain Observation by Progressive Scans) raw data. Resampling in both Doppler frequency and azimuth time domain can resolve the azimuth aliasing problem but with the seriously increased computational complexity and memory consumption. According to the special characteristics of TOPSAR raw data support in the slow time/frequency domain (TFD), the presented azimuth scaling preprocessing step is introduced to not only resolve the Doppler spectral aliasing problem but also reduce the increased azimuth samples. Furthermore, the correction of sawtoothed azimuth antenna pattern (AAP) becomes easy to be implemented. The following conventional stripmap processor can be adopted to focus the residual TOPSAR raw data but with the result of azimuth aliased TOPSAR image. The mosaic approach, which has been presented to unfold azimuth aliased ScanSAR image, is exploited to resolve the problem of azimuth output folding in TOPSAR mode. Simulation results and pulse response parameters are given to validate the presented imaging approach.     

巡航导弹地形跟踪Wiener-Hopf最优控制器设计研究

为了提高巡航导弹的生存能力，使其能够跟踪地形起伏飞行，提出了用二自由度Ｗｉｅｎｅｒ－Ｈｏｐｆ最优化方法设计地形跟踪控制器。仿真结果表明，该方法具有良好的跟踪性能。另外，针对反馈通道气压式高度表的延迟问题，提出了气压—惯性方案，并进行了仿真验证。     

逆金字塔式安全着陆点选择方法

针对现有地外天体软着陆安全着陆点选择方法的不足,设计了逆金字塔式安全着陆点选择方法,结合着陆器的落点精度和自主避障及地形坡度适应能力,建立了基于平整点、安全着陆点、可靠避障点和标称着陆点的地形安全性分析与定量搜索模型,该模型呈四层逆金字塔结构,每一层搜索的结果作为下一层搜索的输入,从弱约束到强约束逐步收敛至100%地形安全着陆区,嫦娥五号探测器飞行结果表明该方法能够快速确定安全着陆区及标称着陆点,并有效指导着陆下降过程的标称航迹设计和轨道控制策略制定。     

基于TERCOM-ICP联合算法的水下地形匹配方法研究

水下地形辅助导航一直是应用于AUV的热点和前沿问题,有助于修正惯导随时间积累的定位误差,以实现精确的导航定位。对经典地形匹配方法TERCOM算法进行了简单的介绍,引入点云配准领域的ICP算法,针对多波束测深系统可以获取地形剖面的特点,提出了一种TERCOM-ICP联合匹配算法。首先使用TERCOM算法粗匹配,将粗匹配后的大致位置作为指示输入ICP算法中进行精匹配,通过仿真实验对TERCOM算法的匹配结果和ICP算法的匹配时间作对比分析。仿真结果表明：TERCOM-ICP算法可以有效提高水下地形匹配精度,经过仿真实验测试,平均匹配误差可以达到20 m以内,所用时间在160 s以内,验证了该算法应用在水下地形匹配领域的可行性,更好地满足了水下辅助导航的要求。     

地形匹配系统中各项误差的等效噪声分析

本文提出了把航迹、航速和航向误差等效为附加的测量噪声的方法。用两种统计参数估计方法估计了等效测量噪声的均值和标准差。求出了这些数字特征与地形的起伏标准差、粗糙度以及航速、航向误差之间的定量变化关系,为工程设计提供参考和依据。     

行星车视觉导航与自主控制进展与展望

以视觉为主的行星车自主地形感知、导航、规划与控制系统是其安全高效探测的重要保障。本文通过对已成功开展和计划中的系列行星车任务导航与控制系统进行汇总,重点梳理了行星车多源地形感知、自主全局和局部导航、自主路径规划与控制等若干关键问题的进展情况,展望了未来自主化、智能化的发展趋势,并结合任务需求构建了行星车视觉导航与自主控制研究框架设想。     

基于地形匹配的高超声速飞行器初始定向偏差在线辨识方法

针对高超声速飞行器机动发射条件下自瞄准时间短、初始定向偏差大的问题,提出一种基于地形匹配的初始定向偏差在线辨识方法。以综合初始对准和姿态控制的惯性系统导航误差模型为分析基础,融合相邻两个地形匹配区两次地形匹配定位结果,建立了初始定向偏差在线辨识模型,并从惯性系统工具误差系数偏差和地形匹配定位误差两方面讨论了辨识模型的适应性。以美国高超声速飞行器CAV H为研究对象建立仿真环境,采用蒙特卡洛法检验初始定向偏差辨识效果。仿真结果表明,在地形匹配定位误差为173.88 m (3σ)情况下,初始定向剩余偏差平均值为8.42″,最大值为34.65″,能够有效提高惯性系统导航精度,并且有助于缩短发射准备时间、提高武器系统生存能力。     

Landforms of Europa and selection of landing sites

Three major features make Europa a unique scientific target for a lander-oriented interplanetary mission: (1) the knowledge of the composition of the surface of Europa is limited to interpretations of the spectral data, (2) a lander could provide unique new information about outer parts of the solar system, and (3) Europa may have a subsurface ocean that potentially may harbor life, the traces of which may occur on the surface and could be sampled directly by a lander. These characteristics of Europa bring the requirement of safe landing to the highest priority level because any successful landing on the surface of this moon will yield scientific results of fundamental importance. The safety requirements include four major components. (1) A landing site should preferentially be on the anti-Jovian hemisphere of Europa in order to facilitate the orbital maneuvers of the spacecraft. (2) A landing site should be on the leading hemisphere of Europa in order to extend the lifetime of a lander and sample pristine material of the planet. (3) Images with the highest possible resolution must be available for the selection of landing sites. (4) The terrain for landing must have morphology (relief) that minimizes the risk of landing and represents a target that is important from a scientific point of view. These components severely restrict the selection of regions for landing on the surface of Europa. After the photogeologic analysis of all Galileo images with a resolution of better than about 70 m/pixel taken for the leading hemisphere of Europa, we propose one primary and two secondary (backup) landing sites. The primary site (51.8°S, 177.2°W) is within a pull-apart zone affected by a small chaos. The first backup site (68.1°S, 196.7°W) is also inside of a pull-apart zone and is covered by images of the lower resolution (51.4 m/pixel). The second backup site (2.4°N, 181.1°W) is imaged by relatively low-resolution images (∼70 m/pixel) and corresponds to a cluster of small patches of dark and probably smooth plains that may represent landing targets of the highest scientific priority from the scientific point of view. The lack of the high-resolution images for this region prevents, however, its selection as the primary landing target.