多孔板水升华器在恒热流条件下的试验研究

探索了多孔板的制造方法,设计了水升华器试验组件和试验装置,对不同的多孔板升华器在恒热流条件下进行了试验研究.试验重点研究了不同热流密度、多孔板物理参数、给水室压力及升华器放置情况对升华器性能的影响,并对水升华器的击穿特性进行了讨论.试验结果证明文中提出的升华器基本的设计概念是可行的,粉末烧结多孔板可以满足升华器的试验要求.最后,给出了关于水升华器进一步设计的一些有益的结论.     

航天员失重环境下运动策略与效能分析

航天员在空间执行任务过程中由于受到空间微重力环境的影响,其运动的协调性以及平衡性均会与地面环境下的表现有所差异.以研究失重环境下航天员运动特点为目标,对航天员姿态调整策略进行动力学分析,并对运动过程人体效能进行评价.具体而言,在无外力/力矩驱动下,人体必须依靠四肢按一定的协调运动策略才能实现对躯干姿态的主动控制.而运动...     

载人深空探测磁场主动辐射防护技术研究

基于单粒子轨道理论和蒙特卡洛方法建立了一种磁场主动屏蔽防护分析方法,针对理想磁场构型分析了屏蔽磁场强度、厚度和结构对屏蔽效果的影响。研究结果表明：屏蔽效率随磁刚度BL增大且当磁刚度BL一定时,增加磁场强度B比增加磁场厚度L更有效;对于有限长屏蔽磁场构型,端盖区需加强防护;桶状区与端盖区采用直线型屏蔽磁场的构型防护效果最好,能够对典型银河宇宙线能谱屏蔽90%的高能粒子。     

Walter Thiel—Short life of a rocket scientist

In 2012 we celebrate the 70th anniversary of the first successful rocket launch that reached a height of 84.5 km and had a speed of 4.824 km/h (5x sonic speed). This rocket flew 190 km to the target location. One of the masterminds of this launch was Walter Thiel, a German chemist and rocket engineer. Thiel was highly talented, during his education from primary school until diploma exams he always received a grade of A in his exams. He was called “the student with the 7 A grades”. In 1934 Thiel became Dr.-Ing. (chem.), with the highest possible honor (summa cum laude), when he was only 24 years old. He started to work for the rocket development department at Humboldt University, Berlin. Walter Dornberger asked him to leave the university research department and become head of rocket propulsion development in his team in Kummersdorf, near Berlin. Thiel's groundbreaking ideas for the rocket engine would lead to a significant reduction in material, weight and work processes, as well as a shortening in the length of the engine itself. Thiel and his team also defined the fuel itself and the best ratio of mixture between ethanol and liquid oxygen for the engine. In 1940 the propulsion team moved from Kummersdorf to Peenemünde after the launch sites were completed there. Thiel became deputy of Wernher von Braun at the R&D units. One of Thiel's team members was Konrad Dannenberg, who later became famous in the development of the Saturn program. On the night from August 17 to August 18, 1943, Thiel and his family (wife and two children) were killed during a Royal Air Force bombing raid (Operation Hydra). The Moon crater “Thiel” on the far side of the Moon is named after Walter Thiel. The research results of Walter Thiel had a strong impact on the United States' rocket program as well as the Russian rocket development program.     

空间机械臂维修性系统设计与评价体系的构建

空间机械臂维修性系统设计与评价体系的构建对机械臂维修具有非常重要的意义。结合空间机械臂维修性需求,建立了机械臂"设计-验证-设计-评价"全周期系统性的维修性设计与评价体系,根据维修性系统设计体系进行维修性设计-验证-再设计的循环管理,再根据维修性评价体系,三类评价人员模拟在轨维修操作场景分别开展维修评价,最终根据评价指标中的不合格项进行设计迭代。以机械臂中央控制器在轨维修为例验证该评价体系。研究结果将为后续空间机械臂维修性设计与评价工作提供体系借鉴和工程指导。     

载人航天器手动控制系统设计

航天员手动控制系统可作为自动控制和地面处置的备份手段。为了提高航天员在载人航天器驻留期间应对设备故障和突发事件的处置能力,采用系统工程方法对航天员手动控制系统进行了设计。通过地面试验测试,证明该手动控制系统设计能够有效地降低设备故障以及突发事件给航天员安全带来的风险。