Mapping mean lake surface from satellite altimetry and GPS kinematic surveys

Lake water height is a key variable in water cycle and climate change studies, which is achievable using satellite altimetry constellation. A method based on data processing of altimetry from several satellites has been developed to interpolate mean lake surface (MLS) over a set of 22 big lakes distributed on the Earth. It has been applied on nadir radar altimeters in Low Resolution Mode (LRM: Jason-3, Saral/AltiKa, CryoSat-2) in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) mode (Sentinel-3A), and in SAR interferometric (SARin) mode (CryoSat-2), and on laser altimetry (ICESat). Validation of the method has been performed using a set of kinematic GPS height profiles from 18 field campaigns over the lake Issykkul, by comparison of altimetry’s height at crossover points for the other lakes and using the laser altimetry on ICESat-2 mission. The precision reached ranges from 3 to 7 cm RMS (Root Mean Square) depending on the lakes. Currently, lake water level inferred from satellite altimetry is provided with respect to an ellipsoid. Ellipsoidal heights are converted into orthométric heights using geoid models interpolated along the satellite tracks. These global geoid models were inferred from geodetic satellite missions coupled with absolute and regional anomaly gravity data sets spread over the Earth. However, the spatial resolution of the current geoid models does not allow capturing short wavelength undulations that may reach decimeters in mountaineering regions or for rift lakes (Baikal, Issykkul, Malawi, Tanganika). We interpolate in this work the geoid height anomalies with three recent geoid models, the EGM2008, XGM2016 and EIGEN-6C4d, and compare them with the Mean Surface of 22 lakes calculated using satellite altimetry. Assuming that MLS mimics the local undulations of the geoid, our study shows that over a large set of lakes (in East Africa, Andean mountain and Central Asia), short wavelength undulations of the geoid in poorly sampled areas can be derived using satellite altimetry. The models used in this study present very similar geographical patterns when compared to MLS. The precision of the models largely depends on the location of the lakes and is about 18 cm, in average over the Earth. MLS can serve as a validation dataset for any future geoid model. It will also be useful for validation of the future mission SWOT (Surface Water and Ocean Topography) which will measure and map water heights over the lakes with a high horizontal resolution of 250 by 250 m.     

美国MTS公司应用软件在测试上的应用

介绍了用美国ＭＴＳ公司的平面应变断裂韬度测试软件，对ＴＣ４合金进行ＫＩＣ测试的过程及结果。     

A Geosynchronous Orbit Search Strategy

Since more than 10 years there is evidence that small-size space debris is accumulating in the geosynchronous orbit (GEO), probably as the result of breakups. Two break-ups have been reported in GEO. The 1978 break-up of an EKRAN 2 satellite, SSN 10365, was identified in 1992, and in 1992 a Titan 3C Transtage, SSN 3432, break-up produced at least twenty observable pieces. Subsequently several nations performed optical surveys of the GEO region in the form of independent observation campaigns. Such surveys suffer from the fact that the field of view of optical telescopes is small compared with the total area covered by the GEO ring. As a consequence only a small volume of the orbital element-magnitude-space is covered by each individual survey. Results from these surveys are thus affected by observational biases and therefore difficult to compare. This paper describes the development of a common search strategy to overcome these limitations. The strategy optimizes the sampling for objects in orbits similar to the orbits of the known GEO population but does not exclude the detection of objects with other orbital planes. A properly designed common search strategy clearly eases the comparison of results from different groups and the extrapolation from the sparse (biased) samples to the entire GEO environment.     

宇航科学文献情报源初析

本文通过对《宇航学报》1981～1988年322篇论文中2466条参考文献的统计分析,得出以下结论,(a)宇航科学的文献情报源重在期刊类文献。(b)以《宇航学报》、《航空学报》、《AIAA,Jourual》等六种期刊类文献为重点文献。(c)中文的引文作者和论文作者相对集中。(d)期刊类文献的半衰期为8～10年。     

叶轮机平面叶栅的气动设计及统流计算

通过全速势方程的数值积分，利用ＡＦ２格式，给出了一种用于叶轮机中叶栅型面的气动设计和绕流计算的便捷方法，对于稳态亚音速、跨音速及超音速流动均适用。与目前普及很广的、在超音区应用人工压缩性的方案相比，该算法有明显的优势。     

A survey of radio jets with Chandra and HST

Relativistic jets are a common property of radio-loud Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN). Understanding jet physical properties is an essential precursor to understanding the mechanisms of energy transport, and ultimately, how energy is extracted from the central black hole. In this paper, I highlight recent developments from Chandra and HST observations of kpc-scale jets in AGN, with particular emphasis on our survey of 17 radio jets in a sample of FRII radio galaxies. These observations show that (1) X-ray and optical emission is common from kpc-scale jets, (2) a large fraction of the bolometric luminosity is emitted at X-rays, and (3) in most sources, a candidate emission process for the X-rays is inverse Compton scattering of the Cosmic Microwave Background off the relativistic electrons in the jet. If the latter scenario holds, the implication is that jets are still relativistic on kpc scales.     

军品科研项目管理研究

阐述了项目管理的基本理论和方法，提出了军品科研工项目实施项目管理的方案；指出了应注意和需解决的问题；并对项目管理理论的学习、实施方案的研究、管理机关职责的转变和配套制度的制定提出了建议。     

基于惯性定位定向的高铁轨检仪研究

根据高铁轨道静态检测的测量需求,设计了一种利用定位定向技术的0级轨检仪,详细阐述了其构成和工作原理,介绍了其特点。通过对比性分析论证,优选了一种测量精度高、操作方法简单且可大幅度提高测量效率的设计方案。理论仿真表明,本系统测量精度能够达到优于13mm/km水平。根据理论仿真结果搭建了原理简易验证设备,结合高铁测控网的测量基准,在一段高铁的弯道铁轨上进行了验证测试。从测试结果看,样机测量精度的重复性可以到达1mm/500m（1σ）的水平,10次测量效率优于500m/2h,表明采用定位定向技术的0级轨检仪具备实际工程化的潜力,以及提高测量效率和精度的能力。     

惰性块式平面波发生器形成平面波的数值模拟分析

探讨了惰性块式平面波发生器的相关原理,在费马原理的基础上设计了平面波发生器的物理模型,用非线性有限元方法对平面波形成过程进行了数值模拟,得到了不同时刻的波形图像,数值模拟结果与实际过程在物理宏观特征上基本一致。     

一种四层次样本轮换方法——基于多阶段季度调查的研究

四阶段抽样季度调查需要实施四层次样本轮换,在构造四层次样本轮换方法时主要应考虑三个问题,一是相邻两个季度四级单元的样本拼配率,二是相邻两年相同季度四级单元的样本拼配率,三是保证各级单元的样本拼配率在轮换过程中保持不变。如果一级单元、二级单元、三级单元和四级单元的样本轮换模式分别为32in、16in、8in和2-2-2（4）,则这四个样本轮换模式就可组合成一种四层次样本轮换方法。该方法可以应用于中国劳动力调查的四层次样本轮换中。