庄河、光明山陨石的岩石矿物学研究

庄河陨石和光明山陨石是两个降落于同一地区的Ｈ５型普通球粒陨石．根据两辉石温度计求出这两个陨石的平衡温度＜ ５００℃；根据镍纹石的带宽与组成关系，获得光明山陨石在其母体中的冷却速率约为 １０－１０℃／Ｍａ，而庄河陨石中普遍出现均一的四方镍纹石表明其冷却速率更低．光明山陨石的冲击变质特征以硅酸盐颗粒破碎为主，其冲击相为Ｓ１；庄河陨石中硅酸盐矿物具明显的波状消光，并存在细小的冲击熔融脉，其冲击相划分为Ｓ２．     

几种主要陨石类型的Hugoniot参数

根据各类陨石的模式化学组成或矿物组成,采用比容叠加法计算了铁陨石,ＥＨ和ＥＬ群顽辉石球粒陨石,Ｈ,Ｌ和ＬＬ群普通球粒陨石这几种主要陨石类型的Ｈｕｇｏｎｉｏｔ参数,计算结果与已表的同灰型陨石的冲击波压缩数据一致。     

SPACE CHEMISTRY RESEARCHES IN CHINA DURING 2000-2001

Over the past two years, significant progress in space chemistry has been made in China. The research fields include meteorites, pre-solar materials, science researches of the moon, effects of the space debris on space environment, and heterogeneity of the Earth. Chinese Lunar Exploration Project Some studies are also dedicated to one important space mission "Chinese Lunar Exploration Project". In this paper, the main achievements are outlined, and some concepts and hypotheses are briefly revised.     

陨星和月球土壤的光谱识别

文章研究了使用符号检验法和秩和检验法等数理统计方法在短波红外-长波红外光谱范围(2.0795~14.011μm)内选择识别陨星和月球土壤光谱波段的问题,并对所选出的波段进行了相关性分析,最终选择了5个多光谱遥感波段,它们是:2.23~2.66μm,3.52~3.74μm,6.97~7.12μm,8.63~9.09μm和12.84~13.64μm。该项研究对中国探月计划具有参考价值。     

Heterogeneous solid/gas chemistry of organic compounds related to comets,meteorites, Titan,and Mars: Laboratory and in lower Earth orbit experiments

To understand the evolution of organic molecules involved in extraterrestrial environments and with exobiological implications, many experimental programs in the laboratory are devoted to photochemical studies in the gaseous phase as well as in the solid state. The validity of such studies and their applications to extraterrestrial environments can be questioned as long as experiments conducted in space conditions, with the full solar spectrum, especially in the short wavelength domain, have not been implemented. The experiments that are described here will be carried out on a FOTON capsule, using the BIOPAN facility, and on the International Space Station, using the EXPOSE facility. Vented and sealed exposition cells will be used, which will allow us to study the chemical evolution in the gaseous phase as well as heterogeneous processes, such as the degradation of solid compounds and the release of gaseous fragments.     

On the anthropogenic and natural injection of matter into Earth’s atmosphere

Every year, more and more objects are sent to space. The increasing number of countries with space programs, advancing commercialization, and ambitious satellite constellation projects raise concerns about space debris and the increase of mass flux into the atmosphere due to deorbiting of satellites and rocket bodies. A comparison of this anthropogenic influx to the natural influx due to meteoroids is presented giving detailed information about the mass, composition and ablation of the entering matter. Currently, anthropogenic material does make up about 2.8% compared to the annual injected mass of natural origin. For two different future scenarios considering planned and already partially installed large satellite constellations this fraction increases to nearly 13%, respectively 40%. For these cases, the anthropogenic injection of several metals prevails the injection by natural sources by far. Considering different ablation products, we find that the anthropogenic injection of aerosols into the atmosphere increases disproportionately. Today, they make up about 1% compared to the injected aerosol mass of natural origin, increasing to 30% and 94% for the two future scenarios, respectively. Considering the injection of atoms, the natural injection is dominant by far. For the two future scenarios, the anthropogenic injection is only at 5%, respectively 15% compared to the annual natural atom injection. The predicted strong increase in anthropogenic injection will make it significant in comparison to the natural injection which can have yet unknown effects on Earth’s atmosphere and the terrestrial habitat.     

地外撞击球粒的成因探讨：以K／T界面事件为例

本文对KTB地层中富含尖晶石的地外撞击球粒的成份、矿物组成、构造特点等进行了系统研究,通过陨石消熔模拟实验的分析,以及陨石消融成因模式和撞击汽云凝聚成因模式的对比研究,认为该类球粒在成因上既有消融成因的球粒,又有撞击汽云凝聚成因的球粒,并且可能同时存在另外一种成因机制的球粒．