槽道湍流的法向与展向电磁力壁面减阻

法向与展向电磁力可以有效调制湍流近壁流动及减少壁面摩擦阻力.为进一步揭示该方法的减阻机理,利用Fourier-Chebyshev谱方法,通过直接数值模拟(DNS),对槽道湍流的法向与展向电磁力控制和减阻问题进行了研究.结果表明,对于确定的流向波长λx+,存在最佳的电磁力强度St,使阻力降最大,最佳St与λx+成反比.法向与展向电磁力对湍流的控制过程实质上是一种由电磁力诱导的调制波对壁湍流的调制过程.在优化参数控制下,当法向与展向电磁力诱导的流场被用来调制固有的近壁湍流流场时,固有流场和诱导流场同时受到调制.在这种调制波作用下,调制流场逐渐主宰壁面边界层,这导致了壁面阻力的下降,平均减阻率最高可达8％.     

Generalized Kutta–Joukowski theorem for multi-vortex and multi-airfoil flow(a lumped vortex model)

For purpose of easy identification of the role of free vortices on the lift and drag and for purpose of fast or engineering evaluation of forces for each individual body,we will extend in this paper the Kutta–Joukowski(KJ) theorem to the case of inviscid flow with multiple free vortices and multiple airfoils. The major simplification used in this paper is that each airfoil is represented by a lumped vortex,which may hold true when the distances between vortices and bodies are large enough. It is found that the Kutta–Joukowski theorem still holds provided that the local freestream velocity and the circulation of the bound vortex are modified by the induced velocity due to the outside vortices and airfoils. We will demonstrate how to use the present result to identify the role of vortices on the forces according to their position,strength and rotation direction. Moreover,we will apply the present results to a two-cylinder example of Crowdy and the Wagner example to demonstrate how to perform fast force approximation for multi-body and multi-vortex problems. The lumped vortex assumption has the advantage of giving such kinds of approximate results which are very easy to use. The lack of accuracy for such a fast evaluation will be compensated by a rigorous extension,with the lumped vortex assumption removed and with vortex production included,in a forthcoming paper.     

Investigations into sensing characteristics of circular thin-plate electrostatic sensors for gas path monitoring

Circular thin-plate electrostatic sensors are promising in gas path monitoring due to their advantages of non-intrusiveness and easy installation. The spatial sensitivity and filtering effect are two important performance parameters. In this paper, an analytically mathematical model of induced charge on a circular thin-plate electrode is first derived. Then the spatial sensitivity and filtering effect of the circular electrostatic sensor are investigated by numerical calculations. Finally,experimental studies are performed to testify the theoretical results. Both theoretical and experimental results demonstrate that circular thin-plate electrostatic sensors act as a low-pass filter in the spatial frequency domain, and both the spatial filtering effect and the temporal frequency response characteristics depend strongly on the spatial position and velocity of the charged particle. These conclusions can provide guidelines for the optimal design of circular thin-plate electrostatic sensors.     

电动式磁悬浮动量球电磁场耦合分析

本文针对电动式磁悬浮动量球(Electrodynamic suspension reaction sphere, EDSRS)的电磁场耦合进行分析，采用定子绕组的感应电动势评判耦合强度，提出了耦合强度评判指标，作为EDSRS的结构设计约束，以降低电磁场耦合的影响。首先，结合EDSRS的具体结构特点，对多定子之间的电磁场耦合问题进行分析，采用定子电磁场在另一个定子绕组中产生的感应电动势评判耦合强度。然后，对感应电动势产生规律进行分析，提出了耦合强度评判指标，并基于所提评判指标，建立了耦合约束验证流程，作为EDSRS的结构设计约束，最后，通过有限元仿真和实验验证了上述电磁场耦合分析。     

等离子体激励器流场测量及诱导推力实验

为了深入了解等离子体激励器流动控制原理,采用PIV技术获得了静止空气中的等离子体激励器上表面诱导气流及其末端引射气流流场的流速分布和流态,并对由此产生的诱导推力进行了测量实验;研究了等离子体激励器上表面诱导气流加速机理和尾部流场形态以及电极对数对诱导气流加速的影响,并与推力实验结果进行比较。研究结果表明,等离子体激励器上表面空气被诱导产生定向流动,并在多对平行电极的作用下被逐渐加速;诱导气流在激励器末端的引射作用形成射流,增加等离子体激励器电极对数可以增大该射流的流速;所产生的诱导推力也随诱导气流流速的加速相应增大。     

基于速率限制的Ⅱ型驾驶员诱发振荡评估方法

速率限制问题已成为电传操纵飞机发生驾驶员诱发振荡（PIO）的主要原因。在新机设计中,随着复杂性的提高,预测PIO变得更加困难和重要。以人一机系统为研究对象,讨论速率限制对系统的影响,重点分析验证基于速率限制的Ⅱ型PIO的开环发生点（OLOP）准则的评估方法。针对不同飞行状态下的飞机纵向运动模型,使用两种驾驶员控制模型,在不同的驾驶员输入、不同速率限制条件下进行数值仿真试验研究。结果表明：OLOP准则是有效的评估工具,杆振幅因素对评估结果的影响较强。     

磁力矩器在磁洁净卫星平台中的应用技术研究

针对磁力矩器给磁洁净卫星平台带来较大磁场干扰的问题,提出磁力矩器在轨磁场干扰的评估和控制方法。按照磁力矩器产生的工作磁场、感应磁场和剩磁场的大小及特性,通过各类测试与分析研究,提出磁场干扰的控制措施,并总结出在磁洁净卫星平台的最优应用方案。结果表明磁力矩器产生的磁场干扰得到了有效控制,为工程使用解决了磁场干扰关键技术问题。     

Model for induced ionization by galactic cosmic rays in the Earth atmosphere and ionosphere

The ionization profiles produced by galactic cosmic rays in the Earth atmosphere and ionosphere are obtained on the basis of Monte Carlo simulations. Cascade processes in the atmosphere are simulated using CORSIKA 6.52 code with FLUKA 2006 and QGSJET II hadronic interaction subroutines. Proton induced showers are considered using a realistic atmospheric model (US Standard Atmosphere). The energy deposit from different components is taken into account, namely electromagnetic, hadron and muon components. The curvature of the atmosphere is considered in the computer code. On the basis of the computed ionization yield function the ion pair production rate in the atmosphere is obtained for different conditions and locations. The model is applicable to the entire atmosphere, from ground level to upper atmosphere. Several applications of the obtained results are discussed. The Monte Carlo simulation model considers nuclear interactions below the altitude of 35 km. It is compared with analytical–numerical electron production rate model. The latter model which takes into account the electromagnetic interactions above altitudes of 35 km has two main regions of application: above 50 km (thin target model) and between 35 and 50 km (intermediate target model). A good agreement between the CORSIKA results and analytical–numerical model results is found above altitude of 35 km.     

引入杆位移抑制滤波器的驾驶员诱发振荡防范方法

对人-机闭环系统进行数学建模,基于 Neal-Smith频域准则,对建立的模型进行参数匹配。在该模型条件下,以对驾驶员诱发振荡(Pilot Induced Oscillation,PIO)现象的产生机理及诱发因素的研究为基础,深入探讨了在恶劣环境下 PIO的防范方法,并利用 Neal-Smith频域准则对该防范方法进行评估。通过开环特性和闭环特性分析,确立了引入杆位移抑制滤波器的方法来有效抑制 PIO的发生,为飞机设计研制过程中有效防范 PIO提供借鉴和参考。     

转捩诱导法向力及其对细长尖锥气动特性的影响

边界层转捩时,是否会出现诱导法向气动载荷,这是一个很有意义的问题。本文介绍了在高超音速风洞中完成的静态气动力实验与动态气动力实验,它证实这种诱导法向载荷是存在的,是边界层转捩的不对称性造成的,并对细长锥的气动特性有明显而呈规律性的影响。