空间碎片超高速撞击极限穿透比动能研究

研究建立宅间碎片对目标超高速撞击条件下临界穿透靶标的损伤特性的理论模型。基于临界穿透过程的数值模拟结果，系统分析了初始条件与临界穿透的关系，捉出碎片临界穿透靶板的比动能概念。然后分析了临界穿透下的碎片比动能，认为比动能是速度的函数。最后，考虑碎片的实际撞击过程巾最大着靶面积为变形面积，对比动能进行修正，获得了极限穿透条件下的真实比动能与速度无关的结论。     

航天飞机在飞行时的损害评估

文章介绍了用约翰逊空间中心超高速碰撞试验设备(HIT-F)上的BUMPER计算程序,对航天飞机观察窗表面在低地球轨道(LEO)环境受到超高速碰撞时的损害进行预测,并与实际损害情况进行了比较。     

数字全息测量超高速撞击碎片云实验研究

在中国空气动力研究与发展中心(CARDC)超高速碰撞中心(HIRC)7.6 mm超高速碰撞设备的基础上，搭建纳秒级脉冲激光数字全息系统。提出滤波片和衰减片组合布置，减弱超高速碰撞等离子体自发光、提高信噪比的方法。实验获得了2.25 mm铝球弹丸以4.0 km/s的速度撞击0.5 mm厚铝板形成碎片云的全息图。采用小波变换算法对碎片云全息图进行重建，得到超高速撞击碎片云的三维结构和碎片大小。碎片云的轮廓呈椭球型，分为碎片云的前端、核心和外壳，碎片主要分布在弹丸破碎形成的碎片云核心，存在大碎片，且分布较集中，对后板的损伤也严重     

Hypervelocity impact induced shock acoustic emission waves for quantitative damage evaluation using in situ miniaturized piezoelectric sensor network

Manmade debris and natural meteoroids, travelling in the Low Earth Orbit at a speed of several kilometers per second, pose a severe safety concern to the spacecraft in service through the HyperVelocity Impact(HVI). To address this issue, an investigation of shock Acoustic Emission(AE) waves induced by HVI to a downscaled two-layer Whipple shielding structure is performed,to realize a quantitative damage evaluation. Firstly a hybrid numerical model integrating smoothparticle hydrodynamics and finite element is built to obtain the wave response. The projectiles, with various impact velocities and directions, are modelled to impact the shielding structure with different thicknesses. Then experimental validation is carried out with built-in miniaturized piezoelectric sensors to in situ sense the HVI-induced AE waves. A quantitative agreement is obtained between numerical and experimental results, demonstrating the correctness of the hybrid model and facilitating the explanation of obtained AE signals in experiment. Based on the understanding of HVI-induced wave components, assessment of the damage severity, i.e., whether the outer shielding layer is perforated or not, is performed using the energy ratio between the regions of ‘‘high frequency" and ‘‘low frequency" in the acquired AE signals. Lastly, the direct-arrival fundamentalsymmetric wave mode is isolated from each sensing signal to be input into an enhanced delay-andsum algorithm, which visualizes HVI spots accurately and instantaneously with different sensor network configuration. All these works demonstrate the potential of quantitative, in situ, and real time HVI monitoring using miniaturized piezoelectric sensor network.     

Multimodal characteristics of a piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate element impacted with iron particles having velocities above 20 km/s

The responses of a piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT) element to hypervelocity collisions were experimentally studied. In this study, the particles of masses ranging from 0.3 to 10 fg were made to collide with PZT at velocities between 20 and 96 km/s. The amplitude and the corresponding rise time of the single-pulse output signals that were produced in the piezoelectric PZT element were measured to determine the possible collision states. The results revealed an apparently multimodal output; three classes were assumed to be involved in the pulse formation mechanism. The amplitude and rise time were sensitive to the collision velocity. The multimodal behavior implied that the PZT-based cosmic dust detectors should be calibrated according to the class they belong to.     

单周期冲跃飞行轨迹性能参数影响程度分析

对高超声速飞行器的单周期冲跃飞行轨迹进行了研究。建立了动力学模型和约束条件。仿真分析了升阻比、初始速度和初始弹道倾角对飞行轨迹性能的影响,并讨论了影响程度,确定了适于该飞行器的最佳飞行走廊,为后续的冲跃飞行轨迹完整设计和优化提供了参考。     

抗空间碎片碰撞穿透的航天器加强防护板设计

文章描述了以整体薄护罩和等效重量波纹薄护罩制作的双层板结构系统穿孔阻力的研究结果。指出如果以等效重量波纹缓冲器代替整体缓冲器可以显著地增加穿孔防护能力。针对在倾斜超高速碰撞事件中跳飞碎片的产生,波纹薄护罩的波纹参数可以用减少势的方法优化。     

克服地球轨道空间碎片的航天器防护结构几何规划设计

文章描述了一个用于航天器防护结构综合优化的独特方法——几何规划优化技术,以减小暴露于流星体和空间碎片超高速碰撞环境下的航天器防护结构系统的重量。空间碎片和流星体环境由广义加权目标函数的公式来定义。通过Wilkinson,Burch和Nysmith超高速碰撞预示模型说明几何规划的性能。表明遵循几何规划形式的超高速碰撞模型,可以进行综合非线性设计优化。     

一种空间科学应用的新型超高速发射装置

文章介绍了一种新型超高速发射装置(HVL)。通过使用一种叫做“枕”的密度梯度变化的冲击器将飞片无损伤地加速到超高速。这个技术已用来将1mm厚的铝、镁、钛(克量级大小)的飞片发射到10.4km/s,将0.5mm厚的铝、钛(半克大小)飞片发射到12.2km/s。     

一种新型空间微小碎片超高速碰撞试验地面模拟方法

文章简要叙述了空间微小碎片环境及其对航天器的影响,同时介绍了一种新型空间微小碎片超高速碰撞地面模拟方法——激光驱动飞片技术。