Conditional sea surface statistics and their impact on geophysical sea surface parameters retrieved from SAR altimetry signals

In this study we present an analytical formulation of synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) altimetry signals including narrow banded nonlinear wave fields and conditional statistics between wave elevation displacements, horizontal wave slopes and vertical wave particle velocities. Considering the wave elevation displacements coskewness with respect to horizontal slopes leads to an analytical formulation of the electromagnetic bias within a SAR-mode altimeter stack. This formulation can be either parametrized by the significant wave height (SWH) and mean wave steepness, or in terms of the variance of vertical wave velocities. The effect of conditional vertical wave particle velocity variances with respect to the observed horizontal wave slopes close to nadir incidence angles leads to an effective reduction of the azimuth blurring of SAR-mode stacks. We present here a formulation of this effect by examining JONSWAP ocean wave spectra. In most cases this effect reduces the azimuth blurring by 10% to 30%. Additionally we investigate the effect of a nonlinear wave elevation displacement probability density function (PDF) on estimated geophysical parameters. We were able to show that including an elevation displacement skewness of 0.13 improves significantly the SWH consistency between altimetry and ECMWF Reanalysis v5 ERA5 results.All of these effects are validated with respect to ERA5 model data in the North East Atlantic region and in situ data located in the German Bight and Baltic Sea.The developed model can be used in both SAR and conventional altimetry retrackers.     

Estimating inter-system biases for tightly combined Galileo/BDS/GPS RTK

The overlapping carrier frequencies L1/E1, L5/E5a and B2/E5b from GPS/Galileo/BDS allow inter-system double-differencing of observations, which shows a clear advantage over differencing of the observations of each constellation independently. However, the inter-system biases destroy the integer nature of the inter-system double-differencing ambiguities. Two methods of direct rounding and parameter estimation are used to determine the ISB value. By analyzing data collected from Curtin University from 2015 to 2018, the phase and code inter-system bias (ISB) are related to the receiver type, firmware version and the selected overlapping frequency. Upgrade of receiver firmware version results in changes of ISB values. For example, the upgrade of Javad firmware in Dec, 15, 2017 causes the difference of 0.5 cycles ISB between BDS GEO and non-GEO satellites. By comparing the three dynamic models which include white noise process, random walk process, and random constant in the parameter estimation method, the ISB determined by the random constant model is consistent with the value obtained by the direct rounding method. After the calibration of ISBs, the performances of tightly combined positioning are assessed. The success rate of ambiguity resolution and accuracy of positioning for the tight combination (TC) are significantly improved in comparison with that for the loose combination (LC) over short baselines. For L5/E5a, on which only few satellites can be observed, the maximum increase in success rates of ambiguity resolution can reach 31.7%, i.e., from 54.9% of LC to larger than 86.6% of TC, and the positioning accuracies can even be increased by 0.13 m, i.e., from 0.208 of LC to 0.074 m of TC in East direction for the mix-receiver TRIMBLE NETR9-SEPT POLARX4 in 2018.     

双向比对高精度物理时间同步方法

提出一种面向未来卫星在轨应用的闭环物理高精度时间同步方法。比较了所提方法与其他时间同步方法的区别与优势，建立了远程系统时间同步基本模型与误差传递模型，基于双向测距和时间传递技术分析了高精度钟差获取原理，给出了时钟调整环路的时域频域参数依赖关系。完成了高精度时间同步地面试验系统构建，测试了开环非调钟状态下钟差测量精度误差、闭环调钟状态下时间同步准确度误差以及长时运行情况下的时间同步监测结果。测试结果表明，该方法能够实现优于1 ns量级的时间同步，为高精度时间同步技术研究提供了新的途径。     

FPGA设计中的亚稳态问题及其预防方法研究

由于在复杂FPGA（Field Programmable Gate Array,现场可编程门阵列）设计中存在跨时钟域,通常会产生亚稳态现象.为有效地预防和解决该问题,分析FPGA设计中亚稳态的产生机理及其对数字信号处理系统的影响.根据不同的信号同步类型,针对单比特电平信号、脉冲信号和边沿信号,分别给出基于触发器级联的跨时钟域信号同步方法;针对并行信号,提出基于异步FIFO （First In First Out,先进先出队列）和握手协议的跨时钟域同步方法;并通过仿真手段分析信号同步方法的有效性及其适用范围.结果表明：这些方法能够正确有效地完成跨时钟域信号同步,预防可能出现的亚稳态问题,从而提高复杂FPGA设计的可靠性和稳定性.     

宽频带带状线魔T的一种新颖的分析与设计方法

介绍了一种宽频带带状线魔T的设计原理,并采用了一种新颖的设计方法,即利用Ansoft公司的电磁场高频结构仿真软件HFSS对所设计的器件进行分析。所设计的魔T带宽可达一个倍频程以上,在设计频段(1GHz~2GHz)内,移相偏差Δ<±5°,幅度不平衡ΔA<1dB,回波损耗小于-19dB,端口隔离度小于-20dB。     

增广误差模型算法在目标跟踪中的应用

针对目标机动运行过程中,滤波模型与机动状态模型失配的问题,提出了一种新的增广状态误差滤波模型。不同于现有增广方案,该模型从模型失配所致状态滤波误差的角度出发,将状态估计误差增广为一状态量,通过滤波估计后用其校正原状态量。算法分析表明,该增广滤波模型具有自适应调节多重渐消因子的等效特性,增强了对目标的跟踪能力。基于该增广状态误差滤波模型,给出了滤波算法设计并进行了仿真实验。实验结果表明,基于该模型的滤波算法在对机动目标进行跟踪时具有更强的鲁棒性。     

光纤陀螺仪中尖峰脉冲引起漂移 的误差分析及其抑制

首次分析了光纤陀螺仪探测器输出信号中频率固定的尖峰脉冲对光纤陀螺 仪零偏漂移的影响机理,给出了尖峰脉冲影响光纤陀螺仪零偏漂移的误差模型;根据干 涉式数字闭环光纤陀螺仪探测器输出信号的特点,提出了一种基于高速集成模拟开关的 时域选通尖峰脉冲抑制具体实现方法,实验验证了尖峰脉冲引起的零偏漂移大小和理论 分析接近,表明了误差模型的正确性,同时表明该方法能够有效降低尖峰脉冲引起的光 纤陀螺仪零偏漂移。     

气压变化对光纤陀螺仪零偏稳定性 的影响及抑制方法研究

光纤陀螺仪可用于测量载体相对惯性空间的角运动, 是光纤惯导系统的核 心部件。因此,要求光纤陀螺仪具有较高的精度和良好的环境适应性。光纤环是光纤陀 螺仪的角速度敏感部件,光纤环受到环境因素影响,将导致光纤陀螺仪精度下降,因此 需要对光纤环采取适当的保护措施。分析了气压变化导致光纤陀螺仪零偏稳定性变差的 机理： 环境气压的急剧变化, 会使光纤环上产生附加应力, 造成光纤的折射率分布不 均,导致光路产生非互易性相位差,使光纤陀螺仪零偏产生漂移,零偏稳定性变差;并 提出了对光纤陀螺仪进行密封的措施来抑制该效应。经试验验证,采用此密封设计后, 光纤陀螺仪在变气压环境中的零偏稳定性改善了近10 倍。     

泵浦激光频率波动对核磁共振陀螺仪 零偏稳定性的影响研究

本文研究了泵浦激光频率波动对核磁共振陀螺仪零偏稳定性的影响.通过分析核磁共振陀螺仪理论模型和自旋光泵浦极化129Xe的过程,阐述泵浦激光频率波动对陀螺仪零偏稳定性的影响机理.结果表明,泵浦光频率波动会导致核磁共振陀螺仪零偏稳定性下降约3个数量级.泵浦光频率波动是制约核磁共振陀螺仪性能提升的重要因素.     

多传感器多目标系统误差融合估计算法

为解决多传感器组网系统的系统误差估计问题,基于多传感器多目标上报信息,研究并提出了一种多传感器多目标系统误差融合估计算法.算法构建了两级融合结构,即第一级对多传感器组合状态估计信息进行反馈融合以改善局部组合状态估计精度,从而间接改善系统误差的估计精度,而第二级对多目标系统误差估计信息进行融合以进一步提高系统误差的估计精度.蒙特卡洛仿真显示算法能有效融合利用多传感器多目标信息,实现多传感器系统误差的实时精确估计.