基于Lyapunov方法的双臂空间机器人避障碍分级非完整运动规划

以Lyapunov方法为基础,讨论了载体姿态与位置均不受控制的双臂空间机器人系统的避障碍分级非完整运动规划问题.该方法充分利用系统的非完整动力学性质,以系统动量矩守恒关系及运动Jacobi关系为基础,建立控制设计所需的系统状态方程及控制输出方程;并在Lyapunov函数的选取上采用两级采取方式,即初级Lyapunov函数确保双臂空间机器人的两个末端抓手从初始位置运动到指定的终点位置,次级Lyapunov函数则确保两个末端抓手避开工作空间中的障碍区域;两级合成则使双臂空间机器人的两个末端抓手既实现了指定的位置移动又避开了障碍区域.系统数值仿真,证明了方法的有效性.      

双臂空间机器人可操作度分析及其构型优化

利用传统的操作度概念,分析多臂空间机器人的可操作度,特别是基座和辅助臂的耦合效应对任务机械臂的操作度的影响。进而利用基座姿态最小扰动和可操作度指标对多臂机器人机械臂的构型进行优化。最后对平面双臂空间机器人进行数值仿真,并分析耦合效应对可操作度的影响以及在多臂构型优化中的应用。仿真结果表明本文的研究方法及结果可指导在轨服务中的近距离双臂协调交会、软对接和抓捕操作,具有较强的工程应用价值。     

Area-oriented coordinated trajectory planning of dual-arm space robot for capturing a tumbling target

The growing amount of space debris poses a threat to operational spacecraft and the long-term sustainability of activities in outer space. According to the orbital mechanics, an uncontrolled space object will be tumbling, bringing great challenge to capture and remove it. In this paper, a dual-arm coordinated ‘‘Area-Oriented Capture"(AOC) method is proposed to capture a non-cooperative tumbling target. Firstly, the motion equation of the tumbling target is established, based on which, the dynamic properties are analyzed. Then, the ‘‘Area-Oriented Capture"concept is presented to deal with the problem of large pose(position and attitude) deviation and tumbling motion. An area rather than fixed points/devices is taken as the object to be tracked and captured. As long as the manipulators' end-effectors move to a specified range of the objective areas(not fixed points on the target, but areas), the target satellite will be hugged by the two arms.At last, the proposed method and the traditional method(i.e. fixed-point oriented capture method)are compared and analyzed through simulation. The results show that the proposed method has larger pose tolerance and takes shorter time for capturing a tumbling target.     

Detumbling strategy based on friction control of dual-arm space robot for capturing tumbling target

The rotational motion of a tumbling target brings great challenges to space robot on successfully capturing the tumbling target. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the target’s rotation to a rate at which capture can be accomplished by the space robot. In this paper, a detumbling strategy based on friction control of dual-arm space robot for capturing tumbling target is proposed. This strategy can reduce the target’s rotational velocity while maintaining base attitude stability through the establishment of the rotation attenuation controller and base attitude adjustment controller. The rotation attenuation controller adopts the multi-space hybrid impedance control method to control the friction precisely. The base attitude adjustment controller applies the dual-arm extended Jacobian matrix to stabilize the base attitude. The main contributions of this paper are as follows: (1) The compliant control method is adopted to achieve a precise friction control, which can reduce the target angular velocity steadily; (2) The dual-arm extended Jacobian matrix is applied to stabilize the base attitude without affecting the target capture task; (3) The detumbling strategy of dual-arm space robot is designed considering base attitude stabilization, realizing coordinated planning of the base attitude and the arms. The strategy is verified by a dual-arm space robot with two 7-DOF (degrees of freedom) arms. Simulation results show that, target with a rotation velocity of 20 (°)/s can be effectively controlled to stop within 30 s, and the final deflection of the base attitude is less than 0.15° without affecting the target capture task, verifying the correctness and effectiveness of the strategy. Except to the tumbling target capture task, the control strategy can also be applied to other typical on-orbit operation tasks such as space debris removal and spacecraft maintenance.     

自由浮动空间双臂机器人的鲁棒协调控制

研究自由浮动空间双臂机器人在本体位置、姿态均不加控制时,抓取物体运动情况下的动力学协调控制。根据空间双臂机器人抓取系统的闭链约束关系,推导出广义雅可比矩阵,针对抓取系统动力学模型的不确定性,提出一种鲁棒协调控制方法,来控制被抓物体的运动,使被抓物体的运动轨迹跟踪期望的运动轨迹,并保证内力跟踪误差的有界性。通过对自由浮动空间平面双臂机器人进行鲁棒协调控制仿真实验,结果表明了该方法的有效性。     

双臂空间机器人系统运动规划的双向逼近方法

基于双向逼近方法,讨论了载体位置与姿态均不受控制的双臂空间机器人系统的运动规划问题．该方法以系统动量和动量矩守恒关系为基础,建立了控制系统设计所需系统状态方程;并通过对系统状态方程应用双向逼近方法,获得了机械臂关节角的控制输入方程,从而达到对载体姿态及机械臂关节角的双重控制效果．该方法的优点是减少了载体姿态控制燃料的消耗,有效地延长了空间机器人系统的使用寿命．系统数值仿真证明了该方法的有效性．     

自由浮动空间双臂机器人抓持内力的优化控制

运用非线性规划方法，提出了一种本体位置、姿态均不受控的自由浮动空间双臂机器人的内力优化与控制策略。首先根据空间双臂机器人及负载的动力学方程，建立了抓持系统合成动力学方程，进而将机器人各手臂关节广义驱动力矩的范数作为目标函数，内力作为优化变量，采用了序列一次规划法来解决空间机器人的动态内力优化计算问题，并对双臂六自由度空间机器人进行了内力优化控制仿真实验，结果表明了该方法的有效性。     

Coordinated control of dual-arm robot on space structure for capturing space targets

This paper presents a coordinated control scheme for two capture tasks via a dual-arm space robot with its base on a flexible space structure. The robot system consists of a base, a mission arm for capture, and a balance arm for removing disturbance forces to the base. To counteract the impact of structural vibration, a two-stage strategy containing a vibration control stage and a target capture stage is proposed. In the first stage, the robot and structure are treated as a mass-spring system in which the coupling effect between the robot and the flexible structure is exploited to suppress structural vibration. Notably, the collision avoidance between two arms is achieved by a velocity inequality constraint, wherein the reactionless motion is utilized. In the second stage, a reactionless trajectory is planned for the mission arm to reach the target location and attitude, as the balance arm remove the coupling disturbance to the base. Afterwards, the balance arm becomes the new mission arm for capture and the other arm is defined as the new balance arm. Finally, numerical simulations are given to validate the efficiency of the proposed coordinated control strategy.