New multifrequency measurements of the spectrum of the cosmic background radiation

New measurements of the Cosmic Background Radiation temperature at 12 cm, 6.3 cm, 3 cm, 0.9 cm and 0.3 cm have made in July 1982 from the White Mountain High Altitude Research Station. The results are presented and the existence of spectral distortions discussed.     

Alfvén gravity waves in viscous solar plasma: Effect of the background flow

We study the Propagation and damping properties of Alfvén gravity waves in the presence of the vertical magnetic field in the viscous solar plasma under influence of the background flow by deriving a fourth order dispersion relation in terms of the Doppler shifted frequency. We derive the dispersion relation under WKB and Boussinesq approximation. We study the damping of Alfvén gravity waves for the wave frequencies less than and greater than the Brunt-Väisälä frequency. We find that the Brunt-Väisälä frequency divides the frequency ranges where the weakly or strongly damped oscillations occur. The background flow exhibits a strong effect on weakly damped oscillations and a weak effect on the strongly damped oscillations. We also notice that the damping of both the strong and weakly damped oscillations depend on the Brunt-Väisälä frequency and wave number. The effect of the background flow is also being governed by the Brunt-Väisälä frequency and wave number. We also study the properties of gravity wave mode after filtering the Alfvén wave mode by minimizing the magnetic field and noticed that the background flow shows a very strong effect on the gravity wave mode.     

武汉上空Na层季节和夜间变化的观测研究

根据武汉大学激光雷达2001年3月到2002年10月的观测数据,对武汉上空(30.5°N,114.4°E)的背景Na层结构进行了研究,并与其他观测站尤其是Urbana(40°N,88°W)的观测结果进行了比较。发现武汉上空11月的Na层柱密度最大,是4月的2.5倍,质心高度的极小值出现在5月和11月,极大值在4月、9月和12月;全年平均Na层均方根宽度为4.47km.Na层各参数呈现出周期性变化规律,其中Na层均方很宽度呈现出明显的半年周期性变化规律。夜间Na层柱密度呈现总体增加的趋势,质心高度在入夜后立即迅速上升,在2000LT以后上升速度趋缓,凌晨0500LT以后出现下降;Na层均方根宽度在夜间约有1.3km的起伏变化,它入夜后迅速减小,在午夜0035LT时出现一低谷,然后随时间逐渐变宽。     

英语教育中的文化交际能力培养

认知交际法，渗透英语教学的文化背景意识及注重“人文关怀”，是英语教学和科学思路，也是一个更加开放的教学系统，英语的交际能力和语言知识与语言能力是一体化的，让学生了解英语文化背景知识，用英语进行交际和思考，最后达到大面积提高中学英语教学的质量，体现新的教育教学理念。     

Gamma ray astrophysics and signatures of axion-like particles

We propose that axion-like particles (ALPs) with a two-photon vertex, consistent with all astrophysical and laboratory bounds, may lead to effects in the spectra of high-energy gamma-ray sources detectable by satellite or ground-based telescopes. We discuss two kinds of signatures: (i) a peculiar spectral depletion due to gamma rays being converted into ALPs in the magnetic fields of efficient astrophysical accelerators according to the “Hillas criterion”, such as jets of active galactic nuclei or hot spots of radio galaxies; (ii) an appearance of otherwise invisible sources in the GeV or TeV sky due to back-conversion of an ALP flux (associated with gamma-ray emitters suffering some attenuation) in the magnetic field of the Milky Way. These two mechanisms might also provide an exotic way to avoid the exponential cutoff of very high energy gamma-rays expected due to the pair production onto the extragalactic background light.     

Human response to high-background radiation environments on Earth and in space

The main long-term objective of the space exploration program is the colonization of the planets of the Solar System. The high cosmic radiation equivalent dose rate represents an inescapable problem for the safe establishment of permanent human settlements on these planets. The unshielded equivalent dose rate on Mars ranges between 100 and 200 mSv/year, depending on the Solar cycle and altitude, and can reach values as high as 360 mSv/year on the Moon. The average annual effective dose on Earth is about 3 mSv, nearly 85% of which comes from natural background radiation, reduced to less than 1 mSv if man-made sources and the internal exposure to Rn daughters are excluded. However, some areas on Earth display anomalously high levels of background radiation, as is the case with thorium-rich monazite bearing sand deposits where values 200–400 times higher than the world average can be found. About 2% of the world’s population live above 3 km and receive a disproportionate 10% of the annual effective collective dose due to cosmic radiation, with a net contribution to effective dose by the neutron component which is 3–4 fold that at sea level. Thus far, epidemiological studies have failed to show any adverse health effects in the populations living in these terrestrial high-background radiation areas (HBRA), which provide an unique opportunity to study the health implications of an environment that, as closely as possibly achievable on Earth, resembles the chronic exposure of future space colonists to higher-than-normal levels of ionizing radiation. Chromosomal aberrations in the peripheral blood lymphocytes from the HBRA residents have been measured in several studies because chromosomal damage represents an early biomarker of cancer risk. Similar cytogenetic studies have been recently performed in a cohort of astronauts involved in single or repeated space flights over many years. The cytogenetic findings in populations exposed to high dose-rate background radiation on Earth or in space will be discussed.     

英语翻译教学与能力训练的探索

在英译汉训练中，加强英文单词的辨析和理解，提高英语的分析能力是表达原著内容的基础；只有了解英语文化背景，掌握常用的翻译技巧，才能提高汉语水平使译文达意通顺。     

霍尔推力器等离子体羽流粒子模拟

建立了霍尔推力器羽流仿真模型,用单元粒子-直接模拟蒙特卡罗（PIC-DSMC）混合方法对SPT-7推力器的流场进行数值模拟,分析背压、扩张角和电子温度对流场的影响。结果表明：背压粒子增加了回流区内离子和高速粒子,加重羽流污染。SPT-70推力器羽流出口处扩张角约为30°。实验数据验证了仿真模型的正确和方法的可行,对电推力器及其羽流污染等的研究有一定的参考价值。     

非结构网格生成技术方法研究

利用点源或线源所影响的势函数分布规律,通过建立势函数与网格背景信息之间的关系,提供非结构网格生成过程中所需的网格背景参数;在物体边界节点已知的情况下,适当布置点源和线源个数,用最小二乘法确定各点源和线源的强度;通过对部分点源或线源的影响势函数施加方向控制开关,使所生成的网格在期望的区域得到加密;算例表明本文方法是一种有效、快速的处理方法,与传统用背景网格提供背景信息的方法相比,在计算量、程序量、光滑性和灵活性方面都能表现出良好的性质。     

浅议英语听力教学中背景知识的作用及强化

从词义的文化差异、语句的运用差异、篇章的背景知识及强化来说明文化背景知识在英语听力教学中的重要性。