A comprehensive survey on the methods of angle of attack measurement and estimation in UAVs

Angle of Attack (AOA) is a crucial parameter which directly affects the aerodynamic forces of an aircraft. The measurement of AOA is required to ensure a safe flight within its designed flight envelop. This paper intends to summarise a comprehensive survey on the measurement techniques and estimation methods for AOA, specifically in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) applications. In the case of UAVs, weight constraint plays a major role as far as sensor suites are concerned. This results in selecting a suitable estimation method to extract AOA using the available data from the autopilot. The most feasible and widely employed AOA measurement technique is by using the Multi-Hole Probes (MHPs). The MHP measures the AOA regarding the pressure variations between the ports. Due to the importance of MHP in AOA measurement, the calibration methods for the MHP are also included in this paper. This paper discusses the AOA measurement using virtual AOA sensors, their importance and the operation.     

Orbit-attitude-vibration coupled dynamics of tethered solar power satellite

A new orbit-attitude-vibration coupled dynamic model of the tethered solar power satellite (Tethered SPS) is established based on absolute nodal coordinate formulation. The Hamilton’s equation of the system is derived by introducing generalized momentum through Legendre transformation. The correctness of the proposed model is verified by an example. The dynamic characteristics of the Tethered SPS are studied using the symplectic Runge-Kutta method. Simulation results show that the orbital radius and the total energy of the system are well preserved. The attitude of the system is unstable when the mass of the bus system is small. However, the attitude stability is dependent on some other parameters of the system, which requires further studies. It is also found that the average tether force/deformation can be roughly estimated by simplifying the solar panel as a particle. The proposed model can be used to study the orbit-attitude-vibration coupled dynamics and control problems.     

Estimating the spin axis orientation of the Echostar-2 box-wing geosynchronous satellite

For the first time, the spin axis orientation of an inactive box-wing geosynchronous satellite has been estimated from ground-based optical photometric observations of Echostar-2’s specular reflections. Recent photometric light curves obtained of Echostar-2 over four years suggest that unusually bright and brief specular reflections were occurring twice within an observed spin period. These bright and brief specular reflections suggested two satellite surfaces with surface normals separated by approximately 180°. The geometry between the satellite, the Sun, and the observing location at the time of each of the brightest observed reflections, was used to estimate Echostar-2’s equatorial spin axis orientation coordinates. When considering prograde and retrograde rotation, Echostar-2’s spin axis orientation was estimated to have been located within 30° of either equatorial coordinate pole. Echostar-2’s spin axis was observed to have moved approximately 180° in right ascension, within a time span of six months, suggesting a roughly one year spin axis precession period about the satellite’s angular momentum vector.     

Implementation of tactical maneuvers with maneuver libraries

This study creates and combines the general maneuver libraries for fixed-wing aircraft to implement tactical maneuvers. First, the generalized maneuver libraries are established by analyzing the characteristics of tactical maneuvers required in battlefields. The 7th order polynomial is applied to both the creation of the maneuver libraries and the generation of the trajectories or flight paths for modal inputs. To track the desired trajectory, we design the Attitude Command Attitude Hold (ACAH) system and the Rate Command Rate Hold (RCRH) system using Model Following Controller (MFC). Moreover, the Line-of-Sight (LOS) guidance law is designed. In particular, the CONDUIT® is employed to optimize the gains so that the control systems meet the aircraft Handling Qualities (HQ) criteria. Finally, flight simulations are performed for the longitudinal loop, immelmann-turn, and climb-slalom-descent maneuvers to verify that tactical aggressive maneuvers are realizable via the combination of maneuver libraries. This study can contribute to the development of flight techniques for aircraft tactical maneuvers and to the revision of air force operational manuals.     

飞机燃油油量测量及姿态误差修正方法

提出了一种基于 CAD技术的航空燃油油量实时测量方法。采用三维实体造型技术 ,建立了某飞机机翼油箱模型 ,利用油量传感器的输出值及飞机姿态信息 ,对燃油油量进行实时测量及姿态误差修正。     

三轴稳定遥感卫星姿控系统故障情况下的系统重构

论述三轴对地稳定遥感卫星姿控系统中部分轮子或部分陀螺故障情况下的姿控系统重构。文中论述了只在俯仰通道有一偏置动量轮正常工作，而滚动和偏航通道轮子故障条件下的系统重构。另外还论述了偏航陀螺故障，姿控系统其它部件正常情况下，控制系统采用Whecon原理与PIM控制相结合的设计。以上两种系统重构拟用于实际系统中，经过数学仿真验证，姿控系统在故障情况下能够完成基本任务。     

频率及频率变化率的快速最大似然估计

信号参数估计是许多领域 (如雷达、通信、导航和声钠等 )都会遇到的共同问题。文中证明 ,牛顿法是实现频率 (η)和频率变化 (β)最大似然估值器的快速有效算法 ,并且详细分析了牛顿估值器的性能。研究证明 ,对于牛顿法 ,(η,β)是以三次方律收敛于真值 (η,β)的。模拟结果表明 ,当输出信噪比 ( SNR) o≥ 15 d B时 ,估计量的均方误差 ( MSE)达到Cramer- Rao界     

安装和不安装垂直嵌板的鸭式飞机横向稳定性研究

研究了带有和不带有伸出的垂直嵌板的鸭式飞机(Velocity-173)的横向稳定性。众所周知，鸭式飞机(Velocity—173)具有良好的纵向稳定性．但其横向稳定性比较差。为了改善其横向稳定性．设计了两种复合材料夹层板．将其安装在垂直尾翼下面．并进行了一系列的飞行试验来研究安装伸出的垂直嵌板的效果。采用解析法和实时参数估计法从飞行试验数据中提取了横向可控能力／稳定性。本的工作验证了安装垂直嵌板对横向稳定性的效果。     

神经网络在未来超分辨雷达中的应用

最新的技术发展已为研制超分辨雷达创造了条件。它能够突破普通雷达基于匹配滤波原理的分辨能力,而实现超分辨。超分辨雷达的巨大计算量通常来自求解非线性最小二乘问题时的多维搜索。本文针对这一问题,研究了雷达信号处理中的两个典型例子:(1)利用阵列处理检测个数已知而方向未知的雷达目标;(2)对波音727飞机进行超分辨距离多普勒成像。说明Hop-field神经网络通过集体运算能够求解各种困难的最优化问题,因而在未来的超分辨雷达中有广阔的应用前景。     

自由转子陀螺仪的伺服测试技术研究

自由转子陀螺仪是目前精度最高的一种陀螺仪,没有精密的力矩器,因此,只能采用双轴伺服法来辨识其漂移误差模型。介绍了双轴伺服测试法的基本原理,给出了双轴伺服转台的运动轨迹及重力矢量的变化规律。根据转台的运动特性,建立了自由转子陀螺仪的漂移误差模型,导出双轴伺服转台转角数据估计漂移误差模型系数的算法。从测试结果可以看出自由转子陀螺仪的长时间精度高,表明采用伺服测试法能够获得极高的测试精度,伺服转台可以作为测试自由转子陀螺仪精度的装置。