Flutter analysis of an airfoil with bounded random parameters in incompressible flow via Gegenbauer polynomial approximation

The effects of parameter uncertainty on the flutter characteristics of a two-dimensional airfoil in an incompressible flow were investigated through Gegenbauer polynomial approximation. The uncertain parameters, such as the linear and cubic pitch stiffness coefficients are modeled as bounded random variables with λ-PDFs (probability density functions). With the aid of Gegenbauer polynomial approximation, the two-dimensional stochastic airfoil system is transformed at first into its equivalent deterministic one. Then the Hopf-bifurcation point is determined through the equivalent deterministic system, and the onset of the flutter, together with the flutter frequency against the probability density distribution parameter and the intensity of the random variable is explored. In addition, the ranges of the peak pitch and plunge responses against the flight speed and the PDFs of the peak pitch response are obtained. Numerical results show how the probability density distribution parameters and the intensities of random parameters affect the flutter onset speed, flutter angular frequency, the upper and lower boundaries of peak responses, and the PDFs of peak responses.     

大型冲压翼伞新技术

文中针对大型冲压翼伞发展的两大难题:开伞动力学和收口技术,介绍了两种分析大型冲压翼伞气动力性能的方法——飞行性能模拟法和有限元模拟法,最后介绍了美国先锋公司开发的中幅收口技术。     

基于中弧线曲率控制的压气机叶型优化

为提高压气机叶型优化设计水平,基于中弧线曲率控制方法编写了压气机叶片造型程序,将中弧线曲率控制参数作为优化变量,结合粒子群寻优算法对传统可控扩散叶型(CDA)进行了优化研究。结果表明:基于中弧线曲率控制的叶片造型程序能够对CDA叶型进行较好的拟合,拟合叶型的气动性能与设计要求较符。优化叶型在设计点的总压损失降低了约6.34%,优化叶型总压损失随攻角变化较为平缓。在一定攻角范围内,叶型中弧线曲率峰值的前移能够将吸力面马赫数峰值前移,提高叶型吸力面的扩压能力,降低总压损失。在大攻角工况下,改进的中弧线曲率分布能够显著降低叶型总压损失。将中弧线曲率控制参数作为优化变量进行CDA叶型的优化是可行的。     

Flutter analysis of an airfoil with nonlinear damping using equivalent linearization

The equivalent linearization method （ELM） is modified to investigate the nonlinear flut- ter system of an airfoil with a cubic damping. After obtaining the linearization quantity of the cubic nonlinearity by the ELM, an equivalent system can be deduced and then investigated by linear flut- ter analysis methods. Different from the routine procedures of the ELM, the frequency rather than the amplitude of limit cycle oscillation （LCO） is chosen as an active increment to produce bifurca- tion charts. Numerical examples show that this modification makes the ELM much more efficient. Meanwhile, the LCOs obtained by the ELM are in good agreement with numerical solutions. The nonlinear damping can delay the occurrence of secondary bifurcation. On the other hand, it has marginal influence on bifurcation characteristics or LCOs.     

TC4合金叶片热模锻过程的数值模拟

文摘为了生产出质量合格的叶片,针对TC4合金叶片的成形特点,为其制订了相应的热模锻成形工艺。同时采用基于有限体积的材料成形模拟技术,对TC4合金叶片热模锻过程进行了模拟,分析了坯料成形过程中的充填情况、应变场、应力场及终锻温度场的分布规律。模拟结果表明:锻件轮廓清晰,模具型腔充填完整,未出现充不满或折叠等锻造缺陷。实际生产出来的叶片经理化检测和外观检查,质量符合要求,制定的工艺方案合理,可以满足TC4合金航空风扇转子叶片的成形质量要求。     

Leading-edge flow separation control over an airfoil using a symmetrical dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuator

In order to promote an in-depth understanding of the mechanism of leading-edge flow separation control over an airfoil using a symmetrical Dielectric Barrier Discharge(DBD) plasma actuator excited by a steady-mode excitation, an experimental investigation of an SC(2)-0714 supercritical airfoil with a symmetrical DBD plasma actuator was performed in a closed chamber and a low-speed wind tunnel. The plasma actuator was mounted at the leading edge of the airfoil.Time-resolved Particle Image Velocimetry(PIV) results of the near-wall region in quiescent air suggested that the symmetrical DBD plasma actuator could induce some coherent structures in the separated shear layer, and these structures were linked to a dominant frequency of f0= 39 Hz when the peak-to-peak voltage of the plasma actuator was 9.8 kV. In addition, an analysis of flow structures without and with plasma actuation around the upper side of the airfoil at an angle of attack of18° for a wind speed of 3 m/s(Reynolds number Re = 20000) indicated that the dynamic process of leading-edge flow separation control over an airfoil could be divided into three stages. Initially, this plasma actuator could reinforce the shedding vortices in the separated shear layer. Then, these vortical structures could deflect the separated flow towards the wall by promoting the mixing between the outside flow with a high kinetic energy and the flow near the surface. After that, the plasma actuator induced a series of rolling vortices in the vicinity of the suction side of the airfoil, and these vortical structures could transfer momentum from the leading edge of the airfoil to the separated region, resulting in a reattachment of the separated flow around the airfoil.     

Adaptive optimization methodology based on Kriging modeling and a trust region method

Surrogate-Based Optimization (SBO) is becoming increasingly popular since it can remarkably reduce the computational cost for design optimizations based on high-fidelity and expensive numerical analyses. However, for complicated optimization problems with a large design space, many design variables, and strong nonlinearity, SBO converges slowly and shows imperfection in local exploitation. This paper proposes a trust region method within the framework of an SBO process based on the Kriging model. In each refinement cycle, new samples are selected by a certain design of experiment method within a variable design space, which is sequentially updated by the trust region method. A multi-dimensional trust-region radius is proposed to improve the adaptability of the developed methodology. Further, the scale factor and the limit factor of the trust region are studied to evaluate their effects on the optimization process. Thereafter, different SBO methods using error-based exploration, prediction-based exploitation, refinement based on the expected improvement function, a hybrid refinement strategy, and the developed trust-region-based refinement are utilized in four analytical tests. Further, the developed optimization methodology is employed in the drag minimization of an RAE2822 airfoil. Results indicate that it has better robustness and local exploitation capability in comparison with those of other SBO methods.     

多段翼型前缘缝翼吹气流动与噪声控制数值研究

根据吹气边界层流动控制的特点,探索了前缘缝翼流动控制和减噪技术。利用FLUENT软件对某多段翼型进行数值模拟,求解RANS方程和FW-H声学方程。在前缘缝翼下翼面设置吹气孔,通过改变吹气系数,研究缝翼缝道内吹气流动控制对二维多段翼型气动性能及噪声特性的影响。计算结果表明:应用缝翼吹气技术可在相同迎角下获得更高的升力系数,且能减小缝翼缝道内的分离,降低角涡引起的噪声;不同吹气系数对多段翼升力和噪声有不同程度的影响;迎角为6毅时,吹气控制可以使低频噪声减少2~4.5dB。     

基于混合求解法的二维多段翼气动噪声特性分析

基于混合求解法,通过对声源区计算域进行分区,研究了二维多段翼不同部件对远场声压级的贡献,给出了声场分布和远场指向性,发现前缘缝翼噪声和主翼尾缘噪声对远场的贡献较小,襟翼后缘噪声的贡献在总声压级中占主导地位,是值得关注的噪声来源。     

翼型近尾迹流动的PIV研究—运动学特性

利用在线式PIV系统(ParticleImageVelocimetry),在低速风洞中对NACA0012翼型在雷诺数2.39×105,0°和4°攻角下的近尾迹流动进行了实验研究。实验结果表明,在较高的雷诺数下翼型近尾迹流动是一种以旋涡的运动学和动力学特性为主导的湍流剪切流。在测量范围内,翼型的尾缘处是近尾迹涡街的形成区;尾缘后0.5倍弦长的区域存在类似于卡门涡街的有序结构,是旋涡发展区域,旋涡具有较好的稳定性;距翼型尾缘0.5倍弦长至1倍弦长的区域,是翼型近尾迹流动由有序走向无序区域,旋涡开始破裂。翼型表面边界层对翼型近尾迹湍流剪切流的演化有重要影响。实验结果还给出了近尾迹流动的平均速度、湍流强度和剪切应变变化率,以及速度脉动量的二阶关联量u'u',u'v'和v'v' 的分布。