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总量控制与排污权交易的理论分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文从总量控制与排污权交易的概念出发,论述了排污权交易的基本理论和市场机制模型,分析了总量控制与排污权交易的经济、环境和社会效益,阐述了排污权的初始分配方式及交易方式。 相似文献
3.
D. B. Melrose 《Space Science Reviews》1994,68(1-4):159-170
The theory of electron cyclotron maser emission and its application to solar spike bursts are reviewed. By analogy with the Earth's AKR, three sources of free energy are considered: a loss-cone anisotropy, a velocity-space hole, and a trapped distribution. The problem of how the radiation escapes through the second harmonic absorption layer is emphasized. Harmonic emission due to z mode coalescence may operate for some bursts, but the 2–5s delay between hard X-ray bursts and spike bursts suggests that some other mechanisms is required for most spike bursts. A model involving formation of a trapped distribution in low-density regions neighboring the flaring flux tube is considered. 相似文献
4.
李源生 《沈阳航空工业学院学报》1995,12(3):56-60
本文综合地运用了555集成电路,TWH9248,TWH9249雷达式扫描探测传感集成电路的SR9G26A/D、D/A转换语音存放电路等,中大规模集成电路。并利用一种简单的高频发射线路,而研制成的实用型报警装置。 相似文献
5.
应用声发射技术实时监测某型机防扭支架疲劳试验裂纹 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
随着声发射技术的发展,声发射技术在工程无损检测上的运用日益广泛。本文对声发射技术的应用现状、基本理论及在直升机某型机防扭支架疲劳试验裂纹监测中的应用进行了介绍。希望通过应用声发射技术,能及时捕捉疲劳裂纹形成和扩展的过程,给判定疲劳试验件是否破坏带来更准确、客观的依据,从而能为直升机动部件和结构件的准确定寿提供一种科学的辅助手段。 相似文献
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大型转动机械碰摩故障分析的声发射检测系统 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
吴建 《北京航空航天大学学报》1998,24(1):104-107
汽轮发电机、空气压缩机等采用油膜支撑的大型转动机械,由于安装或运行中的原因,在转子旋转过程中,可能和器壁发生轻微的摩擦和碰击,简称碰摩.声发射技术在碰摩发生特别是故障早期诊断上有优越性.本系统的特点是没有沿用传统的计数、幅度、能量和持续时间等声发射特性参数,而是在声发射包络信号的频率分析中进行特征提取.声发射发生的过程分析和现场试验都表明这种方法对碰摩检测很敏感,在碰摩发生的起始阶段,包络谱中与转速同步的周期性分量显著增加.根据这种新的设计思想自行研制了BUAA碰摩声发射检测仪并对此作了介绍. 相似文献
8.
Matthew G. Baring 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2011
It is widely accepted that the prompt transient signal in the 10 keV–10 GeV band from gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) arises from multiple shocks internal to the ultra-relativistic expansion. The detailed understanding of the dissipation and accompanying acceleration at these shocks is a currently topical subject. This paper explores the relationship between GRB prompt emission spectra and the electron (or ion) acceleration properties at the relativistic shocks that pertain to GRB models. The focus is on the array of possible high-energy power-law indices in accelerated populations, highlighting how spectra above 1 MeV can probe the field obliquity in GRB internal shocks, and the character of hydromagnetic turbulence in their environs. It is emphasized that diffusive shock acceleration theory generates no canonical spectrum at relativistic MHD discontinuities. This diversity is commensurate with the significant range of spectral indices discerned in prompt burst emission. Such system diagnostics are now being enhanced by the broad-band spectral coverage of bursts by the Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope; while the Gamma-Ray Burst Monitor (GBM) provides key diagnostics on the lower energy portions of the particle population, the focus here is on constraints in the non-thermal, power-law regime of the particle distribution that are provided by the Large Area Telescope (LAT). 相似文献
9.
R.V. Semenyshyn A.N. VeklichI.L. Babich V.F. Boretskij 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2014
Plasma of the free burning electric arc between Ag–SnO2–ZnO composite electrodes as well as brass electrodes were investigated. The plasma temperature distributions were obtained by Boltzmann plot method involving Cu I, Ag I or Zn I spectral line emissions. The electron density distributions were obtained from the width and from absolute intensity of spectral lines. The laser absorption spectroscopy was used for measurement of copper atom concentration in plasma. Plasma equilibrium composition was calculated using two independent groups of experimental values (temperature and copper atom concentration, temperature and electron density). It was found that plasma of the free burning electric arc between brass electrodes is in local thermodynamical equilibrium. The experimental verification of the spectroscopic data of Zn I spectral lines was carried out. 相似文献
10.
Necmi Cihan Orger Kazuhiro Toyoda Hirokazu Masui Mengu Cho 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2019,63(10):3270-3288
The charged dust particles can be mobilized electrostatically by the repulsion between the adjacent grains and the surface electric field due to the incoming electron current and the charge accumulation within the micro-cavities. In this study, the experimental results of the initial vertical launching velocities and the maximum dust heights are compared with the estimated values for the lofted spherical dust grains by the patch surface charging equations. Silica particles with the sizes between <6 and 45?µm in radius are loaded on a graphite plate, and they are exposed to the electron beam with 450?eV energy under 4?×?10?3?Pa vacuum chamber pressure. During the first set of the experiments, the dust samples are tested without an initial compression process and an additional horizontal electric field. Second, the dust samples are compressed by two different weights in order to increase the packing density under approximately 780.7?Pa and 3780?Pa. Finally, the dust grains are placed between the two parallel aluminum plates to apply approximately 2000?V/m and 4800?V/m horizontal electric field. A high-speed camera is used to record the transportation of the dust grains together with a microscopic telescope, and the results point out that the patch surface dust-charging model estimations are in agreement with the first experiments. On the other hand, the dust particles from the compressed samples are lofted with higher velocities than the estimations, and the number of the dust lofting observations decreases significantly, which demonstrates the importance of the micro-cavities and the increased charging requirement to overcome the contact forces. When the horizontal electric field is present, the initial vertical launching velocities are measured to be lower than the other experiments, which can be attributed to the decreased charging requirement for the dust lofting as a result of inter-particle collisions and rolling motion. According to the experimental results, the electrostatic dust transportation can be controlled not only by the ambient plasma and the solar irradiation on the airless planetary bodies, but also by the surface properties such as the contact surfaces between the dust grains, the number of the micro-cavities related to the packing density, and the presence of the horizontal electric field contributing to the external forces by other particle motions. 相似文献