燃烧加热污染空气对煤油超燃冲压发动机性能的影响

针对目前超燃冲压发动机地面试验设备普遍存在的工质污染问题,采用经过验证的数值计算方法开展了燃烧加热污染空气对煤油超燃冲压发动机性能的影响研究.以飞行马赫数为6.0作为基准状态,分别对纯净空气来流和不同参数匹配方案的污染空气来流下发动机整机流场和性能进行了数值模拟.计算结果表明:在压力参数中选择匹配静压时最接近于纯净空气来流的结果,选择匹配总压时差别最大;在温度参数中选择匹配静温时最接近于纯净空气来流的结果,选择匹配总温时差别最大;压力参数匹配选择的影响更具有决定性作用,需要优先考虑.研究结果可为认识整机污染效应影响,确定污染空气来流下地面试验模拟准则提供理论依据.      

污染组分对高超声速试验热力学参数影响研究

在燃烧加热风洞中进行的地面模拟试验,高焓气流成分有别于纯净空气,这种污染现象给试验结果带来了一定的不确定性。为了考察污染组分对高超声速模型试验流场的影响,在激波风洞中通过调节激波强度以及添加一定量的污染组分(H2 O 和CO2)来模拟燃烧加热风洞的来流条件,采用简化的不同角度斜劈来模拟飞行器试验模型对来流的压缩作用,结合近红外可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱技术(TDLAS)测量系统获取模型流场的静温,综合多组数据对比分析和研究污染组分对试验模型流场影响的特征和规律。结果表明,污染气体所产生的影响程度不仅与污染气体组分含量有关,而且与模型构型对来流的压缩程度以及来流自身的热力学参数状态都有密切的关系;对于压缩量不大的飞行器构型和来流静温不高的风洞试验而言,不同含量的CO2污染组分对流场静温影响不明显;但随着来流静温的提高或模型压缩量的增加,一旦二者的共同作用使得压缩后温升达到一定程度,污染效应的显现则渐趋明显。     

乙醇燃烧加热空气污染物对煤油超燃的影响

在燃烧室入口来流马赫数为2.5的条件下,研究乙醇燃烧加热空气污染物对煤油超声速燃烧的影响.在加热器中,采用预混稳态燃烧火焰模型和61组分388步详细反应机理模拟乙醇燃烧加热过程,获得与实验温度条件相同的详细污染出口组分组成.其主要污染空气作为煤油超声速燃烧室的入口组分,采用17组分30步反应机理模拟煤油超声速燃烧过程,研究了污染物组分对煤油超燃室性能的影响.通过化学动力学和热力学分析,对比了地面电加热、乙醇燃烧加热和25km高空三种工况.结果表明:由于自由基作用以及平 均分子质量的减小和平均比定压热容的增加,乙醇燃烧加热污染空气造成超燃室的燃烧效率和内推力均上升.      

H2O污染对煤油燃料超燃冲压发动机燃烧室性能影响的数值模拟

在超声速燃烧设备上进行了带凹槽的直连式双模态煤油燃料超燃冲压发动机污染与纯空气来流的对比试验.为了研究来流污染对超燃冲压发动机试验性能的影响,在相同的试验气体参数(马赫数为2,总温约为828K和总压约为800kPa)下,对带凹槽煤油燃料燃烧室进行了一系列对比燃烧试验.采用AHL3D软件对3个试验条件的燃烧室反应流场进行了数值模拟.计算和试验得到的压强分布比较接近且趋势一致.通过数值模拟获得反应流场的细节,探究污染影响的机理.      

Experimental and Numerical Studies of Vitiated Air Effects on Hydrogen-fueled Supersonic Combustor Performance

This paper deals with the vitiation effects of test air on the scramjet performance in the ground combustion heated facilities. The primary goal is to evaluate the effects of H2O and CO2, the two major vitiated species generated by combustion heater, on hydrogen-fueled supersonic combustor performance with experimental and numerical approaches. The comparative experiments in the clean air and vitiated air are conducted by using the resistance heated direct-connected facility, with the typical Mach 4 flight conditions simulated. The H2O and CO2 species with accurately controlled contents are added to the high enthalpy clean air from resistance heater, to synthesize the vitiated air of a combustion-type heater. Typically, the contents of H2O species can be varied within the range of 3.5%-30% by mole, and 3.0%-10% for CO2 species. The total temperature, total pressure, Mach number and O2 mole fraction at the combustor entrance are well-matched between the clean air and vitiated air. The combustion experiments are completed at the fuel equivalence ratios of 0.53 and 0.42 respectively. Furthermore, three-dimensional (3D) reacting flow simulations of combustor flowpath are performed to provide insight into flow field structures and combustion chemistry details that cannot resolved by experimental instruments available. Finally, the experimental data, combined with computational results, are employed to analyze the effects of H2O and CO2 vitiated air on supersonic combustion characteristics and performance. It is concluded that H2O and CO2 contaminants can significantly inhibit the combustion induced pressure rise measured from combustor wall, and the pressure profile decreases with the increasing H2O and CO2 contents in nonlinear trend; simulation results agree well with experimental data and the overall vitiation effects are captured; direct extrapolation of the results from vitiated air to predict the performance of actual flight conditions could result in over-fueling the combustor, possible inlet un-start and inappropriate combustion mode transition. The detailed analysis and discussion are presented and the research conclusions are summarized.     

H_2O组分对氢燃料超音速燃烧室性能的影响

燃烧加热设备广泛应用于超燃冲压发动机地面试验,在试验工质中伴随产生相当数量的燃烧产物污染组分,对超燃冲压发动机地面试验性能产生显著影响,这已经成为国内外研究热点。本文针对燃烧加热器主要产生的H2O污染组分,采用纯净空气来流与H2O污染空气来流的对比试验方法,研究了H2O组分对氢燃料超燃冲压发动机燃烧室性能的影响,获得了一些初步的试验结果和研究结论。