Mapping mean lake surface from satellite altimetry and GPS kinematic surveys

Lake water height is a key variable in water cycle and climate change studies, which is achievable using satellite altimetry constellation. A method based on data processing of altimetry from several satellites has been developed to interpolate mean lake surface (MLS) over a set of 22 big lakes distributed on the Earth. It has been applied on nadir radar altimeters in Low Resolution Mode (LRM: Jason-3, Saral/AltiKa, CryoSat-2) in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) mode (Sentinel-3A), and in SAR interferometric (SARin) mode (CryoSat-2), and on laser altimetry (ICESat). Validation of the method has been performed using a set of kinematic GPS height profiles from 18 field campaigns over the lake Issykkul, by comparison of altimetry’s height at crossover points for the other lakes and using the laser altimetry on ICESat-2 mission. The precision reached ranges from 3 to 7 cm RMS (Root Mean Square) depending on the lakes. Currently, lake water level inferred from satellite altimetry is provided with respect to an ellipsoid. Ellipsoidal heights are converted into orthométric heights using geoid models interpolated along the satellite tracks. These global geoid models were inferred from geodetic satellite missions coupled with absolute and regional anomaly gravity data sets spread over the Earth. However, the spatial resolution of the current geoid models does not allow capturing short wavelength undulations that may reach decimeters in mountaineering regions or for rift lakes (Baikal, Issykkul, Malawi, Tanganika). We interpolate in this work the geoid height anomalies with three recent geoid models, the EGM2008, XGM2016 and EIGEN-6C4d, and compare them with the Mean Surface of 22 lakes calculated using satellite altimetry. Assuming that MLS mimics the local undulations of the geoid, our study shows that over a large set of lakes (in East Africa, Andean mountain and Central Asia), short wavelength undulations of the geoid in poorly sampled areas can be derived using satellite altimetry. The models used in this study present very similar geographical patterns when compared to MLS. The precision of the models largely depends on the location of the lakes and is about 18 cm, in average over the Earth. MLS can serve as a validation dataset for any future geoid model. It will also be useful for validation of the future mission SWOT (Surface Water and Ocean Topography) which will measure and map water heights over the lakes with a high horizontal resolution of 250 by 250 m.     

准各向同性基层上椭圆形子层的屈曲

通过改进文献[1]中假设的挠度函数,使Rayleigh-Ritz法能用于计算准各向同性基层上任意对称椭圆形子层的临界应变,然后以单向层板为主,探讨了临界应变随基层泊桑比ν,椭圆半轴之比λ,子层角θ和单层铺设角α的变化规律。     

称重传感器的一种新的滞后补偿方法(英文)

通过对电阻应变式称重传感器在各种加载卸载情况下的滞后特性的分析 ,建立了其相应的数学模型 ,并初步探讨了一种可以通过程序在仪表中对传感器的重要指标—滞后进行补偿从而提高整个传感器的精度的方法。最后 ,对以上方法进行了验证性试验 ,证明了补偿方法的可行性。     

美国MTS公司应用软件在测试上的应用

介绍了用美国ＭＴＳ公司的平面应变断裂韬度测试软件，对ＴＣ４合金进行ＫＩＣ测试的过程及结果。     

液冷头盔致冷效能的医学研究

在45℃高温条件下,应用液冷头盔给10名被试者的头颈部致冷,散热效能较高,可带走安静时30.9％～48.3％的代谢产热。降低身体的热蓄积,减少出汗,减慢心率、直肠温度和皮肤温度的上升速率。对头颈部致冷可降低身体的热紧张度50％～70％,明显改善对温热的舒适感觉。同时表明,致冷液温、流量及液流走向,对致冷效能均有显著影响。为液冷头盔及致冷装置的设计,提供了医学实验依据。     

H-6部件与外挂天平的研制

介绍了H 6部件与外扌圭物测力试验的难点 :一是天平的设计载荷极不匹配 ,如机翼天平的滚转力矩是常规天平的 1 0多倍 ;二是模型尾部是船形尾段。采用常规的支撑方式 ,支杆强度太弱 ,试验不安全 ,同时也不利于多台天平的敷线 ,总体方案采用模型尾部与支杆合为一体的结构形式 ,既保证了试验安全又便于多台天平的敷线。天平设计首先保证试验安全 ,用双电桥提高天平的输出。试验结果表明 :总体试验方案正确 ,天平设计合理 ,支撑刚度好 ,测量精度高。     

镀膜光纤声光相位调制器频率响应特性的研究

本文对光纤声光相位调制器（OF—AOPM）的频率特性进行研究。分析了OF—AOPM的调相原理，研究结果表明：在调制频率远离氧化锌压电薄膜的半波谐振频率的时候，光相位的调制不仅依靠径向应力。同时还依靠轴向应力。通过同时考虑径向和轴向应力的变化，得出了OF—AOPM在整个频率域范围内的响应特性。     

从应变计现状看电阻式传感器的前景

电阻式传感器的核心部件——电阻应变计是目前最常用的应力分析的敏感元件。也常用于测量力、压力、扭矩和加速度等物理量。作者简要回顾了电阻应变计的发展历史，介绍了电阻应变计的结构、分类及现状，展望了电阻式传感器的前景。     

Numerical Simulation of Impact Loading on Solid Propellant Within an Orthotropic Shell

The strain–stress state of the solid propellant rocket engines (SPREs) is simulated under impact. The effect of orientation of elastic and strength properties of orthotropic organoplastic shell material on the strain–stress state of the solid propellant is investigated. Normal and oblique impact of single steel cylinder projectiles, both simultaneous and at different times of multiple, converging steel spheric particles with SPRE are investigated in this study. The investigation is conducted numerically. The numerical modeling was carried out in a three-dimensional formulation by the method of finite elements for the continuous approach of the mechanics of a deformable solid. The destruction of the anisotropic material is described by the tensor-polynomial criterion of the fourth degree, which takes into account the influence of hydrostatic pressure.     

A Geosynchronous Orbit Search Strategy

Since more than 10 years there is evidence that small-size space debris is accumulating in the geosynchronous orbit (GEO), probably as the result of breakups. Two break-ups have been reported in GEO. The 1978 break-up of an EKRAN 2 satellite, SSN 10365, was identified in 1992, and in 1992 a Titan 3C Transtage, SSN 3432, break-up produced at least twenty observable pieces. Subsequently several nations performed optical surveys of the GEO region in the form of independent observation campaigns. Such surveys suffer from the fact that the field of view of optical telescopes is small compared with the total area covered by the GEO ring. As a consequence only a small volume of the orbital element-magnitude-space is covered by each individual survey. Results from these surveys are thus affected by observational biases and therefore difficult to compare. This paper describes the development of a common search strategy to overcome these limitations. The strategy optimizes the sampling for objects in orbits similar to the orbits of the known GEO population but does not exclude the detection of objects with other orbital planes. A properly designed common search strategy clearly eases the comparison of results from different groups and the extrapolation from the sparse (biased) samples to the entire GEO environment.