Water Cherenkov detectors:MILAGRO

This paper discusses the properties of using the water Cherenkov technique to detect air showers in the few hundred GeV to 100 TeV energy range. The responses of a 6 m² 2 m deep water Cherenkov counter and that of a 6 m² 10cm thick scintillator-lead sandwich counter to air shower electrons and photons is described. The advantages of water Cherenkov detector is outlined. Its application to do VHE gamma ray astronomy is discussed with particular reference to the MILAGRO telescope currently under construction. Milagro, a water-Cherenkov detector to do gamma ray astronomy above 100 Gev, uses an existing pool 60m × 80m by 8m, located in the Jemez mountains near Los Alamos, NM. The threshold of the MILAGRO detector is comparable to atmospheric Cherenkov detectors, however it has several advantages over these optical detectors. MILAGRO can operate 24 hours a day in all weather conditions and it has an open aperture which allows it to view the entire northern sky every day. These capabilities allow for a systematic all-sky survey to be done for the first time at these energies. MILAGRO will measure the Crab spectrum with high significance over a wide energy range, it will detect and measure the spectra from AGN's such as MRK 421 and it will search for short duration bursts from GRBs and possibly evaporating PBHs.     

煤粉粒径分布在气固两相流场中的测试技术研究

针对输送管道内煤粉颗粒的粒径分布宽的特点，用侧向接收散射光的Mie散射方法和Fraunhofer衍射方法作了理论分析和实际测试。利用分子筛和显微镜对被测粒子进行了静态测量，其结果可以作为相对准确的测量标准。研究结果表明，针对细粉分离器内煤粉颗粒的形状、浓度和粒径的分布规律，用衍射测试方法可以达到较高的测试精度，取得较好的测试效果。     

1989年3月大宇宙线暴事件的特征

本文分析了1989年3月一系列大耀斑等离子体抛射引起的宇宙线强度变化的特征.除对中子成分分析外,还对μ介子成分及其各向异性特征作了分析,讨论了宇宙线强度变化与太阳耀斑特性和地磁扰动之间的关系。分析发现,宇宙线的Forbush下降不仅与太阳耀斑的级别、持续时间,以及在日面上的位置有关,而且还与光学耀斑是否伴有强的X射线暴、是否有强的射电爆发,以及是否引起强的地磁暴紧密有关.各向异性分析表明,3月大事件的各向异性明显小于宁静时的各向异性,这可能是因为受到太阳活动强烈调制之后,宇宙线各向异性趋于减小的原因.     

Real time localization of gamma ray bursts with INTEGRAL

The INTEGRAL satellite has been successfully launched in October 2002 and has recently started its operational phase. The INTEGRAL burst alert system (IBAS) will distribute in real time the coordinates of the gamma ray bursts (GRBs) detected with INTEGRAL. After a brief introduction on the INTEGRAL instruments, we describe the main IBAS characteristics and report on the initial results. During the initial performance and verification phase of the INTEGRAL mission, which lasted about two months, two GRBs have been localized with accuracy of 2–4 arcmin. These observations have allowed us to validate the IBAS software, which is now expected to provide quick (few seconds delay) and precise (few arcmin) localization for 10–15 GRBs per year.     

空间积分声光相关器

论述空间积分声光相关器的系统设计，给出了单器件和双器件声光信号处理器的光学系统，提出了两种新型的外差检测方法，并推志了处理器输出的数学模型，利用这两种检测方法分别对１３位巴克码ＢＰＳＫ（二进制相移键控）信号进行了相关检测，得出了与理论分析相一致的实验结果。     

加入增益介质的F-P干涉仪和衍射光栅光谱仪的光谱特性对比

对加入增益介质的F—P干涉仪的光谱特性与衍射光栅光谱仪的光谱特性作了定量对比。结果表明，加入增益介质的F—P干涉仪的光谱特性要明显优于衍射光栅光谱仪的光谱特性。这为光谱精细结构分析提供了更为理想的选择。     

声光相关技术在电子战中的应用

介绍了声光相关技术原理及其在现代战争,特别是在电子战及扩频通信等方面的应用,比较了体波及其表面波、声光及声电技术在应用中的不同特点,并具体探讨了声光相关器应用子通信信号的解调及同步中的可行性,分析表明,声光相关技术是很有发展前景的一项技术,将越来越多地应用于各个不同的领域。     

空间积分声光相关器——脉冲信号检测

论述了空间积分声光相关器对脉冲调制连续波信号的瞬时响应，分析了从实时光电检测器中检测出的波形，该波形是脉冲宽度，加权函数参量和与脉冲位置相关的空间衍射光分布的函数。进一步提出了脉冲序列相关时的光分布关系并通过实验加以论证。     

管中激光加速器的推力形成过程

管中激光加速器是一种新型的激光推力器,弹射体在管道中被加速。利用光线追踪法,根据光线在网格中的传播路径信息,运用辐射输运方程,得到流场的能量源项;数值求解含能量源项的流体控制方程,对管道中等离子体流场激波的形成和演化过程进行了研究。模型能够模拟空气光学击穿、空气对激光能量的吸收、等离子体对激光的屏蔽作用和推力形成过程,通过计算得到冲量耦合系数为3.61×10-4N/MW,等离子体内能转化为流场动能的比例约为9%。     

旋翼非定常气动特性CFD模拟的通用运动嵌套网格方法

针对直升机旋翼非定常气动特性CFD模拟中的网格生成难题,提出了一套高效、通用的运动嵌套网格生成方法.首先,基于Poisson方程求解和翻折法生成旋翼桨叶的正交贴体网格.其次,针对旋翼桨叶的扭转分布及变距、挥舞等复杂运动,建立了一套通用的洞单元识别的扰动衍射法;为保证洞包络面的封闭性,完善了挖洞过程中网格加密策略;在洞边界确立基础上,提出了一种高效、鲁棒的最小距离法贡献单元搜索的改进方法.在此基础上,建立了基于RANS(Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes)方程的旋翼非定常流场CFD模拟方法.最后,采用所建立的方法分别对悬停和前飞状态下的C-T(Caradonna-Tung)旋翼和7A(Helishape 7A)旋翼的气动特性、桨尖涡的位置进行了计算,计算结果与试验值误差小于5%,验证了该运动嵌套网格生成方法在旋翼非定常气动特性CFD模拟中的有效性.