毒死蜱的聚脲微胶囊化、表征及毒力评价

以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯三聚体和三乙烯四胺为囊壁原料,利用界面聚合法制备了毒死蜱化聚脲微胶囊.通过正交试验研究了微胶囊制备的配方及工艺条件,并用红外和热重对微胶囊的结构及热稳定性进行表征,对微胶囊的缓释性能及对斜纹夜蛾的毒力持效性进行了评价.红外和热重分析结果证实:毒死蜱被成功地微胶囊化,微胶囊结构稳定;正交试验优化条件下的初期包封率超过90%;微胶囊中的毒死蜱在水中30 d释放不超过5%;微胶囊制剂对斜纹夜蛾毒杀的LC_(50)值8 d内从28.32 mg/L变化到31.16 mg/L,表明微胶囊中的毒死蜱持效性良好.     

A model of the effects of heavy ion radiation on human tissue

In heavy ion radiotherapy and space travel humans are exposed to energetic heavy ions (C, Si, Fe and others). This type of irradiation often produces more severe biological effects per unit dose than more common X-rays. A new Monte Carlo model generates a physical space with the complex geometry of human tissue or a cell culture based model of tissue, which is affected by the passage of ionizing radiation. For irradiation, the model relies on a physical code for the ion track structure; for tissues, cellular maps are derived from two- or three-dimensional confocal microscopy images using image segmentation algorithm, which defines cells as pixilated volumes. The model is used to study tissue-specific statistics of direct ion hits and the remote ion action on cells. As an application of the technique, we considered the spatial pattern of apoptotic cells after heavy ion irradiation. The pattern of apoptosis is modeled as a stochastic process, which is defined by the action cross section taken from available experimental data. To characterize the degree of apoptosis, an autocorrelation function that describes the spatial correlation of apoptotic cells is introduced. The values of the autocorrelation function demonstrate the effect of the directionality of the radiation track on the spatial arrangements of inactivated cells in tissue. This effect is intrinsic only to high linear-energy-transfer radiation.     

湿热环境对改进型钡钨发射体空心阴极放电特性的影响

电推力器用传统钡钨空心阴极具有工作温度低、发射效率高的优点,但其抗中毒能力却较差。电推力器的寿命受到空心阴极寿命的制约,为保证推力器长期在轨工作,研制了一种具备强抗中毒能力的改进型钡钨阴极,将其暴露在90%湿度、60℃的湿热环境中累计240h,试验前后触持电压的变化量小于1V,满足判据要求。随后对改进型钡钨阴极分别进行了组件级和推力器级性能测试,测试结果表明,改进型钡钨阴极的稳态工作温度为1050℃,比六硼化镧型阴极低250℃,组件级阳极电压为21V,比六硼化镧型低4~5V;推力器级阳极电压为35V,比六硼化镧型低8~10V。试验结论表明,改进型钡钨阴极具有强抗中毒能力及优异的工作性能,采用该类阴极可以有效地满足推力器的长寿命要求。     

无毒单组元发动机技术研究

介绍了国内外几种无毒单组元发动机技术的研究背景及研究现状。列出了过氧化氢推进剂、羟基推进剂及硝酸肼基推进剂的一般物理、化学特性和主要性能。除比较了上述三种推进剂无毒单元发动机的工作原理及性能特点外，还在推进剂配方的确定、催化剂的选择及发动机结构设计准则等方面进行了初步的探讨，并对三种推进剂发动机的空间应用前景进行了评价。     

EFFECTS OF INHALED TiO2 NANOTUBES ON LUNG TISSUE AND SERUM BIOCHEMICAL INDEXES OF MICE

To evaluate the acute lung toxicity and the effect on serum biochemical indexes of inhaled TiO2 nanotubes , healthy and adult Kunming mice are exposed to aerosols of TiO2nanotubes in a sealed chamber , the concentration of which is 250mg / m 3 while another group of mice are exposed to room air only served as control.The blood , alveolar lavaged fluid and lungs of the mice are collected and examined after exposed for 7 , 14and 28d , respectively.The serum analysis shows that glucose ( Glu ) values with 7dexposure , alanine aminotransferase ( ALT ) and aspartate aminotransferase ( AST ) activities with 28dinhalation , and total bile acid ( TBA ) values with 7 , 28d as well as the creatine kinase ( CK ) levels with 28dexposure are significantly different from those of controls ( P< 0.05 ) .The pathological findings exhibit that more TiO 2 nanotubes are found in the interstitium of pulmonary alveoli with the experimental time prolonged.The results suggest that TiO 2 nanotubes do produce adverse responses to the lung and serum biochemical indexes of mice.Moreover , the responses become severer with the exposed-time prolonged.     

液体火箭爆炸后有毒气体扩散研究

提出了液体推进剂火箭爆炸后残余推进剂蒸发形成的有毒气体在大气中扩散的解析模型,并数值模拟了地面有毒气体浓度场在不同的环境,天气情况下的分布情况及环境参数对毒气扩散过程影响的分析,能为工程应用提供实用的数据。     

纳米二氧化钛吸入对小鼠肺部和血清生化指标的影响

将成年健康的小鼠(每组8只)暴露在含有1 500 mg/m3纳米二氧化钛气溶胶密闭装置内,以暴露在空气中的小鼠作为对照,研究了纳米二氧化钛对小鼠肺部组织和血清生化指标的影响.经过不同时间的暴露后将小鼠处死,收集血样并取肺部组织进行生化指标分析和组织病理学检验.血清生化指标检测结果显示,在所有的试验组中,乳酸脱氢酶的活性均提高,丙氨酸氨基转移酶的活性和尿素氮在暴露28天组中增加,肌酐在暴露14天组和28天组中均增加,其他血清学指标未见明显异常.组织病理学检测结果显示,暴露28天的肺泡间隙有纳米粒子存在,并且肺部炎症逐渐增强.     

客机隔热隔声棉点火特性与产烟毒性研究

为研究客机隔热隔声棉点火特性与产烟毒性,使用相关装置进行了试验研究.结果表明:点火持续时间和辐射板温度均对隔热隔声棉点火具有明显促进作用.点火持续时间越长,火焰沿Y轴蔓延距离越大,点火15s时,明火附近区域的隔热隔声棉出现被烧穿现象,但烧穿面积不大.火焰沿Y轴蔓延距离增长速率却随点火持续时间的增大而减小,验证了隔热隔声...