Scientific Planning and Commanding of the Rosetta Payload

ESA’s Rosetta mission was launched in March 2004 and is on its way to comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, where it is scheduled to arrive in summer 2014. It comprises a payload of 12 scientific instruments and a Lander. All instruments are provided by Principal Investigators, which are responsible for their operations. As for most ESA science missions, the ground segment of the mission consists of a Mission Operations Centre (MOC) and a Science Operations Centre (SOC). While the MOC is responsible for all spacecraft-related aspects and the final uplink of all command timelines to the spacecraft, the scientific operations of the instruments and the collection of the data and ingestion into the Planetary Science Archive are coordinated by the SOC. This paper focuses on the tasks of the SOC and in particular on the methodology and constraints to convert the scientific goals of the Rosetta mission to operational timelines.     

卫星微波遥感定标技术

在简要论述微波遥感定标技术工作特点的基础上，着重分析星载有源微波遥感定标技术基本原理和关键技术，比较了各种定标方法特点，提出了若干建议。     

A concept mission for the Stellar Population and Evolution with Cubesats (SPEC)

Binary or multiple stellar systems, constituting almost a third of the content of the Milky Way, represent a high priority astronomical target due to their repercussions on the stellar dynamical and evolutionary parameters. Moreover the spectral study of such class of stars allows to better constrain the evolutionary theories of the Galactic stellar populations. By resolving the members of stellar systems through photometric observations we are able to perform more detailed measurements to infer their mass. In this paper we investigate the feasibility of a cubesat based mission including an optical payload to directly optically discriminate the members of a selected sample of binary systems. The scientific targets, consisting 11?M class dwarf stars binary systems, have been extracted from the already studied Riaz catalogue. These subset has been selected considering the star distance, the members angular separation, and the distance from the Galactic plane (due to limit the background and foreground contamination). The satellite concept is based on a 6 unit Cubesat embedding some commercial off the shelf components and an ad hoc designed optical payload occupying almost 4 units. The optical configuration has been chosen in order to fit the angular resolution requirements, as derived from the target characteristics. Moreover, according to the optical analysis and the computed field of view some requirements on the attitude control system have been inferred and fulfilled by the component selection. The paper is organized as in the following: a brief scientific introduction is made; consequently the project is described with particular attention to the optical design and the standard sub-systems; finally the conclusions are drawn and the future perspectives are investigated.     

临近空间飞行器信息系统一体化载荷平台

介绍了临近空间日趋受到各国的关注和研究、临近空间的概念以及临近空间飞行器的概况。从高超声速临近空间飞行器设计层面分析了临近空间飞行器信息系统多任务需求和现有设计的矛盾,指出研究临近空间飞行器一体化综合电子系统信号交链和多任务一体化协同技术是解决此矛盾的有效途径。通过对临近空间飞行器信息系统一体化载荷平台的研究,构建了采用冗余备份技术的包括信号处理模块、控制模块的统一开放的柔性系统平台架构。     

空中发射初始状态对运载火箭有效载荷的影响

空中发射可以明显提高火箭有效载荷,减少火箭发射场地的数量和高额的维护经费,缩短发射周期。本文研究了空中发射初始状态对运载火箭有效载荷的影响,通过飞行轨道的模型简化,首先建立了火箭飞行的数学模型,然后定量地分析了发射高度和发射速度对火箭入轨后有效载荷的影响。研究结果表明：若提高发射高度和发射速度,可以明显增加有效载荷,且基本发射高度、发射速度分别与有效载荷表现为线性关系。相对地面发射来说,如果初始高度达到30千米,有效载荷提升到1.63倍;如果初始高度达到30千米,初始速度达到1000米每秒（约3马赫）,有效载荷将是传统地面发射的5.43倍。单纯从初始高度和速度的因素看,初始发射速度对有效载荷提升的影响更显著,故在考虑经济性情况下设计发射平台时应更加注重发射速度的提高。     

一种基于O&D市场的宽体客机衍生机型座级航程确定的方法研究

以STP（Segmentation,Targeting,Positioning,简称STP）战略为指导,结合O&D（Origin & Destination,简称O&D）市场需求和制造商供给能力,从市场细分和定位、目标市场选择,尝试为宽体客机衍生机型座级航程分析提供一种不同的角度,探索一种确定座级航程的方法,并以280座宽体客机加长型为例验证该方法的可操作性。     

空间载荷机柜热控设计的仿真研究

空间站主动热控系统的作用是提供和保持航天员、仪器设备和结构部件所要求的温度、湿度和风速等热环境。本文以空间载荷机柜为热控系统的基本单元,建立了以单相流体循环回路为基础、采用液冷结合风冷的冷却方式的载荷机柜数学模型;介绍了模糊增量控制算法的工作原理;提出了采用模糊增量控制算法,以液冷支路进出口温差和风冷支路冷却量占总冷却量的比值为控制目标的反馈控制策略。同时文章采用数值模拟方法研究了控制系统的动态响应效果。仿真结果显示,模糊增量控制算法具有响应迅速、超调量小、无静态误差的特点,控制策略满足有效性、稳定性和高精确度的要求。     

中国月球与深空探测有效载荷技术的成就与展望

有效载荷是实现科学目标最直接的工具,其技术手段和水平影响科学目标的可实现程度。简要回顾了中国月球与深空探测的科学目标与有效载荷配置。介绍了"嫦娥1号"和"嫦娥2号"月球环绕探测器中采用的CCD立体相机、干涉式成像光谱仪、激光高度计、微波探测仪、伽马射线谱仪、X射线谱仪、太阳风粒子探测仪、高能粒子探测仪等遥感探测类有效载荷的技术实现、探测结果和取得的成就。同时,也介绍了"嫦娥3号"月球着陆器和巡视器中采用的地形地貌相机、月基光学望远镜、极紫外相机、红外成像光谱仪、粒子激发X射线谱仪、测月雷达等就位和巡视探测类有效载荷的技术实现、探测结果和取得的成就。分析了有效载荷技术的发展趋势,展望了我国未来有效载荷技术的发展。     

两种提高钻床加工精度和效率的配件装置设计

设计了立式钻床用的两种钻床配件装置：一是可调式二轴头架，可同时钻削两孔，且钻削主轴的轴距可调．应用范围广、效率高。二是孔距定位装置，不需要钻孔模具可一次装夹钻削均匀周布的多孔零件，在不损伤钻床的前提下扩大了钻床的应用范围。提高了加工精度。     

遥感载荷通用数据处理平台设计与实现

针对遥感载荷下行数据流设计不一致问题,提出了一种遥感载荷地面数据处理平台的设计思路和实现方法,对遥感载荷数据流模型描述和任务指令建立等关键技术进行了分析。该方法构建的系统通过配置能够适应不同遥感载荷数据流结构,具备通用性。系统主要处理节点采用刀片服务器完成运算,各个处理节点之间松耦合,实现了插件式部署,可供多节点复杂结构处理系统设计时参考。