水上飞机自由飞模型起飞与降落性能的综合试验

本文综述了用4台发动机为动力的水上飞机自由飞模型起飞与降落性能的综合试验,这些性能包括稳定性、操纵性、飞溅、水阻力、着水撞击、起飞砰击、失速及耐波性等。模型与真实飞机保持几何、质量、运动状态、拉力、升降舵效率及其波浪谱的相似,故模型试验与真实飞机的试飞结果比较符合。同时着重介绍了模型试验的机载测试系统与地面测试系统。     

1:10人-椅模型上肢的跨-超音速风洞实验

 本文介绍了1:10人椅模型上肢跨-超音速风洞实验的结果。测量了Ma=0.5～2.04和攻角10°～20°范围内上肢的阻力和侧向力。获得了在握扶手和拉中央环两种姿态下手臂的气动力特性。比较了穿衣袖与不穿衣袖两种状态下手臂的气动力数据。实验结果为确定人体上肢对高速气流吹袭的耐久限度和设计防护措施提供了重要的气动力数据。     

某型战机滑跃起飞性能初步分析

根据飞行动力学理论,建立了舰载机滑跃起飞数学模型。以某型战机为例进行了数值仿真,定量分析了起飞质量、起飞迎角、甲板风、滑跑距离等因素对滑跃起飞性能的影响。结果表明:应优选起飞迎角;不同起飞质量情况下,应选择合适的滑跑距离(起飞点),并保证适当的甲板风;起落架强度应加强。     

Orientations of LASCO Halo CMEs and their connection to the flux rope structure of interplanetary CMEs

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) observed near the Sun via LASCO coronographic imaging are the most important solar drivers of geomagnetic storms. ICMEs, their interplanetary, near-Earth counterparts, can be detected in situ, for example, by the Wind and ACE spacecraft. An ICME usually exhibits a complex structure that very often includes a magnetic cloud (MC). They can be commonly modelled as magnetic flux ropes and there is observational evidence to expect that the orientation of a halo CME elongation corresponds to the orientation of the flux rope. In this study, we compare orientations of elongated CME halos and the corresponding MCs, measured by Wind and ACE spacecraft. We characterize the MC structures by using the Grad–Shafranov reconstruction technique and three MC fitting methods to obtain their axis directions. The CME tilt angles and MC fitted axis angles were compared without taking into account handedness of the underlying flux rope field and the polarity of its axial field. We report that for about 64% of CME–MC events, we found a good correspondence between the orientation angles implying that for the majority of interplanetary ejecta their orientations do not change significantly (less than 45 deg rotation) while travelling from the Sun to the near-Earth environment.     

Coronal mass ejection detection using wavelets,curvelets and ridgelets: Applications for space weather monitoring

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are large-scale eruptions of plasma and magnetic field that can produce adverse space weather at Earth and other locations in the Heliosphere. Due to the intrinsic multiscale nature of features in coronagraph images, wavelet and multiscale image processing techniques are well suited to enhancing the visibility of CMEs and suppressing noise. However, wavelets are better suited to identifying point-like features, such as noise or background stars, than to enhancing the visibility of the curved form of a typical CME front. Higher order multiscale techniques, such as ridgelets and curvelets, were therefore explored to characterise the morphology (width, curvature) and kinematics (position, velocity, acceleration) of CMEs. Curvelets in particular were found to be well suited to characterising CME properties in a self-consistent manner. Curvelets are thus likely to be of benefit to autonomous monitoring of CME properties for space weather applications.     

带稳定板装置弹射座椅偏航稳定性能研究

针对国内弹射救生领域现状,设计了一种适合于国内某型座椅的弹射救生系统稳定板。运用计算流体力学(CFD)数值计算方法,对改装稳定板前后的人椅系统进行了高速流场下的静态和动态特性分析,并与风洞试验结果进行对比,两者吻合较好。改装稳定板前后的数值计算对比表明:在不对俯仰和滚转性能产生不利影响的情况下,稳定板的改装对人椅系统的偏航性能有比较明显的改善。六自由度动态计算比较真实地模拟了弹射出舱的过程,也进一步验证了稳定板对改善偏航稳定性能所起到的作用。数值计算完全可以应用于弹射座椅的气动研究,同时稳定板的设计对工程上的应用具有一定的参考价值。     

应用电磁弹射器的舰载机起飞性能分析

针对应用电磁弹射器的舰载机弹射起飞过程,综合考虑了电磁弹射器的推力、舰载机前起落架突伸力和载舰的运动,建立了舰载机弹射起飞的数学模型,并据此,分析了上述各种因素对舰载机弹射起飞安全性的影响,计算得到在满足舰载机弹射起飞安全准则的条件下,各种起飞因素应该满足的适应范围。研究分析表明：在风浪较大的恶劣天气条件下,通过适当地增加电磁弹射器的电磁推力和前起落架的突伸力,可以有效抑制舰载机的航迹下沉现象,确保舰载机的安全起飞过程。     

环形脉冲爆震发动机引射性能

采用解析方法得出爆震波在爆震管内的参数分布,应用数值方法对爆震波衰退为激波后的传播、排除过程进行了多循环模拟.通过对环形爆震管非稳态引射过程的分析,得出非稳态引射过程可以分成四个阶段,环形爆震管比传统的圆形爆震管的引射作用更强.不同结构参数的引射喷管对环形爆震管的引射增推性能不同,经过分析,得到了较佳的引射喷管的入口尺...     

高速弹射试验机操稳性能的计算与试飞

本文介绍了为研究高速弹射试验机的操稳性能和在弹射力扰动下飞机的动态响应,把弹射力以瞬态脉冲载荷的形式作用于飞机时所建立的数学模型和采用的计算方法.把计算结果与试飞结果和原型机试飞结果作了比较,计算结果与试飞结果的一致性是令人满意的。这为高速弹射试验机的安全飞行和指导飞行员实施弹射试验提供了可靠的依据。     

气流吹袭时飞行员手臂的受力分析

总结了测量作用在手臂上的气动力的实验结果.。这些实验是用风洞、火箭车和空中弹射进行的。用6名男青年、橡胶假人、1/2人体木模型和1/10人体钢模型,在Ma=0.086～2.04范围内,测量了作用在手臂上的气流解脱力。用这些实验数据,计算出了气流产生的手臂解脱力系数,并推导出这些系数与Ma数之间的关系式,为进一步推导飞行员手臂对气流吹袭的耐力提供了气动力数据。