基于综合模糊聚类算法的液体火箭发动机故障诊断

基于液体火箭发动机正常及故障状况数据的完备程度和数据质量的不断提高,提出一种基于数据驱动的综合模糊聚类算法用于故障诊断。采用模糊c均值(FCM)算法对已知正常样本数据进行聚类得到最优的聚类中心,将所得到的聚类中心作为先验样本数据用于传递闭包法最优分类结果的选择从而得到故障检测结果,该算法只需要少量的正常先验样本数据就能快速、准确的检测出故障;随后采用FCM算法进行故障分类,可以根据现有的故障数据库进行聚类得到对应的故障类型,并且可以给出故障幅值范围。模型仿真结果表明:该算法对故障的检测率可达968%,故障隔离率达到94%。某型液体火箭发动机实际试车数据结果表明:该故障诊断算法能够准确及时的检测并隔离出故障。     

陶瓷基复合材料基体裂纹偏转能量释放率研究

采用虚裂纹闭合技术(VCCT)计算了基体裂纹在界面处不同传播路径的能量释放率,并结合基于能量释放率的裂纹偏转准则对陶瓷基复合材料基体裂纹偏转进行了研究.计算了弹性错配参数α和β、基体裂纹扩展长度a、基体裂纹相对扩展长度ad/ap对裂纹偏转的影响,并将VCCT计算结果与积分法的计算结果进行比较.结果表明:VCCT能够准确计算基体裂纹扩展时的能量释放率,计算结果可为研究陶瓷基复合材料失效机制提供一定参考.      

孔边三维短裂纹扩展特性研究

 本文对孔边三维短裂纹扩展特性进行试验研究和理论分析。首先用复形法测出板中孔边三维短裂纹在等幅载荷和单峰超载时扩展规律,然后运用弹塑性断裂力学和裂纹闭合理论对短裂纹的扩展作定性分析,用闭合模型计算短裂纹扩展寿命。理论计算与实验结果较吻合。     

考虑应力状态的疲劳裂纹闭合分析

利用改进的条带屈服模型 (Modified Strip Yield Model),通过对裂端约束的研究,提出组合约束因子的概念,发展了 Budiansky和 Hutchinson的解析模型,建立了可考虑不同应力状态的疲劳裂纹闭合模型,可方便地推广到穿透厚度裂纹的闭合分析中。与航空结构合金的实验数据及有限元结果的比较显示该模型能准确预测疲劳裂纹闭合中载荷比、应力状态和厚度等重要因素的影响。给出的显式结果可以方便地用于航空工程实际。     

FATIGUE CRACK CLOSURE MEASUREMENT OF 2024-T3 SHEET SPECIMEN

ＦＡＴＩＧＵＥＣＲＡＣＫＣＬＯＳＵＲＥＭＥＡＳＵＲＥＭＥＮＴＯＦ２０２４－Ｔ３ＳＨＥＥＴＳＰＥＣＩＭＥＮＷｕＹｉｓｈｅｎｇ（ＩｎｓｔｉｌｕｔｅｏｆＭｅｃｈａｎｉｃｓ，ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏｆＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ，Ｂｅｉｊｉｎｇ，Ｃｈｉｎａ，１００...     

由泄洪水流引起的水舌风现象的数值模拟分析

本文采用细网格非静力能量闭合边界层模式，对水电站大坝泄洪过程中水舌风的生成演变发展过程进行数值模拟。水电站开闸泄洪时，高速水流对气流瞬时的强大冲量作用在坝后形成一个风速较大区，随着高速水流趋向稳定，采用两种模拟方案对水舌风的发展演变过程进行进一步模拟。方案一，通过水气动量交换作用，水流对气流的拖曳力仅来自于大坝溢流面；方案二，拖曳力来自于溢流面及溢流面与消力池接口面。对模拟结果进行分析，发现不考虑水舌风效应时，坝体下风方向出现上下两个方向相反的微弱涡旋；当考虑水舌风作用时，高速水流的瞬时强大冲量作用在坝后形成一个风速较大的逆时针涡旋；水流趋向稳定后，两种方案进行模拟的结果与不考虑水舌风时相比，两个涡旋均得到加强，尤其是处于下面的溢流面处的逆时针涡旋。     

缺口根部小裂纹疲劳扩展特性及闭合效应实验研究

 对LY12CZ铝合金缺口根部疲劳小裂纹闭合特性及扩展行为进行了实验研究。采用光学金相显微镜测量了小裂纹的起裂及扩展。通过测量裂尖后两岸显微硬度压痕随裂纹张开闭合的距离变化,建立了缺口根部角裂纹裂尖附近的裂纹张开位移和载荷的关系,以此确定裂纹的张开应力。根据测得的σ_(op)/σ_(max)及按Newman模型计算的σ_(op)/σ_(max),进行闭合效应修正后算得的小裂纹疲劳扩展速率与实验结果基本符合。在小裂纹的情况下,所得结果与Newman方法所得结果相比,更为接近实际情况。     

时钟树综合中的有效时钟偏移

随着芯片设计向更高的频率发展,传统的时钟树综合策略是尽量减小时钟偏移,但是这样的时钟树综合策略已经逐渐不能满足时序收敛的需要,因此引入了有效时钟偏移的概念。文章通过一个在TSMC0．13μm工艺并流片成功的芯片BES7000作为设计实例,分析了有效时钟偏移引入之后对改进时序建立时间的效果。     

RGB-D SLAM综述

RGB-D SLAM是指使用RGB-D相机作为视觉传感器,进行同时定位与地图构建(SLAM)的技术。RGB-D相机是近几年推出的能够同时采集环境RGB图像和深度图像的视觉传感器。首先对主流RGB-D相机,RGB-D SLAM算法框架流程做了介绍,然后对RGB-D SLAM算法的国内外主要标志性成果,以及RGB-D SLAM的研究现状进行介绍,并对RGB-D SLAM方法前端视觉里程计中特征检测与匹配、后端位姿图优化、回环检测等关键技术进行介绍总结。最后,对RGB-D SLAM算法的优缺点进行了分析,并对RGB-D SLAM算法的研究热点及发展趋势进行了讨论。     

“Modular Biospheres” – New testbed platforms for public environmental education and research

This paper will review the potential of a relatively new type of testbed platform for environmental education and research because of the unique advantages resulting from their material closure and separation from the outside environment. These facilities which we term “modular biospheres”, have emerged from research centered on space life support research but offer a wider range of application. Examples of this type of facility include the Bios-3 facility in Russia, the Japanese CEEF (Closed Ecological Experiment Facility), the NASA Kennedy Space Center Breadboard facility, the Biosphere 2 Test Module and the Laboratory Biosphere. Modular biosphere facilities offer unique research and public real-time science education opportunities. Ecosystem behavior can be studied since initial state conditions can be precisely specified and tracked over different ranges of time. With material closure (apart from very small air exchange rate which can be determined), biogeochemical cycles between soil and soil microorganisms, water, plants, and atmosphere can be studied in detail. Such studies offer a major advance from studies conducted with phytotrons which because of their small size, limit the number of organisms to a very small number, and which crucially do not have a high degree of atmospheric, water and overall material closure. Modular biospheres take advantage of the unique properties of closure, as representing a distinct system “metabolism” and therefore are essentially a “mini-world”. Though relatively large in comparison with most phytotrons and ecological microcosms, which are now standard research and educational tools, modular biospheres are small enough that they can be economically reconfigured to reflect a changing research agenda. Some design elements include lighting via electric lights and/or sunlight, hydroponic or soil substrate for plants, opaque or glazed structures, and variable volume chambers or other methods to handle atmospheric pressure differences between the facility and the outside environment.