氨合成-水热改性法制备氢氧化镁阻燃剂

为了解决氢氧化镁和聚合物之间的不相容问题, 对氨合成法-水热改性处理2步法制备高分散氢氧化镁阻燃剂进行了研究,分析了常温合成温度、水热改性温度和水热改性时间对制备大晶型、低比表面积氢氧化镁阻燃剂的影响.结果表明,经过水热改性处理改变了氢氧化镁晶体的生长习性,生成了形貌规则、粒径分布均匀、分散性良好的氢氧化镁六方片状颗粒.另外通过提高氯化镁浓度和氨水过量1倍,探讨了常温合成反应的转化率,认为应该在反应原料等当量下寻求提高转化率的可行方法.     

八水氢氧化钡相变材料的强化传热实验

采用差示扫描量热法(DSC)对八水氢氧化钡相变材料进行热物性分析,总结出一种针对结晶水合盐相变温度与潜热准确可靠的测量方法.通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)获得相变材料与金属容器截面腐蚀情况的图像,证明八水氢氧化钡与紫铜有优良的相容性.分别对含/未含泡沫铜的固液相变蓄热体进行实验研究,结果表明:泡沫铜填充使相变材料在固相区内熔化时间减少了26%,增强了相变材料的传热效果,而且将八水氢氧化钡过冷度降低了50%.      

Exploration life support technology challenges for the Crew Exploration Vehicle and future human missions

As NASA implements the U.S. Space Exploration Policy, life support systems must be provided for an expanding sequence of exploration missions. NASA has implemented effective life support for Apollo, the Space Shuttle, and the International Space Station (ISS) and continues to develop advanced systems. This paper provides an overview of life support requirements, previously implemented systems, and new technologies being developed by the Exploration Life Support Project for the Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) and Lunar Outpost and future Mars missions. The two contrasting practical approaches to providing space life support are (1) open loop direct supply of atmosphere, water, and food, and (2) physicochemical regeneration of air and water with direct supply of food. Open loop direct supply of air and water is cost effective for short missions, but recycling oxygen and water saves costly launch mass on longer missions. Because of the short CEV mission durations, the CEV life support system will be open loop as in Apollo and Space Shuttle. New life support technologies for CEV that address identified shortcomings of existing systems are discussed. Because both ISS and Lunar Outpost have a planned 10-year operational life, the Lunar Outpost life support system should be regenerative like that for ISS and it could utilize technologies similar to ISS. The Lunar Outpost life support system, however, should be extensively redesigned to reduce mass, power, and volume, to improve reliability and incorporate lessons learned, and to take advantage of technology advances over the last 20 years. The Lunar Outpost design could also take advantage of partial gravity and lunar resources.     

合成水溶性酚醛树脂用催化剂的选择研究

通过理论分析和实验总结,研究了不同种类的碱性催化剂对酚醛树脂水溶性的影响,最后确定同时使用某种叔胺类化合物和少量氢氧化钡作为合成水溶性酚醛树脂的催化剂.在适宜的反应条件下,制得了游离酚含量和游离甲醛含量均较小的水溶性酚醛树脂.这种水溶性酚醛树脂可用于电气绝缘等诸方面.     

合成高纯氢氧化铈的原子经济性

本文讨论了以碳酸铈为原料合成高纯氢氧化铈的原子经济性。分别采用原子利用率和原子效率因子为技术指标，对传统工艺流程与绿色化学工艺流程进行了比较。与传统工艺流程相比，绿色化学工艺流程的原子利用率提高3．91倍，原子效率因子提高2．16倍，对环境的不利影响大大减轻。     

N2O-C2H2火焰原子吸收光谱法测定特规氢氧化钾中钙含量

提出用N2O-C2H2火焰原子吸收光谱法进行特规氢氧化钾中钙含量的测定，并对样品消化处理条件和干扰因素进行了综合考虑。实验表明：该方法具有很高的灵敏度、很好的重现性，同时具有步骤简单、操作容易掌握、干扰少等特点。测定样品含钙量时，其相对标准偏差均小于1．0％，标准加入回收率均为97．0％-100％（n=5），适用于特规氢氧化钾中钙含量的测试，此方法达到了实验室的仪器分析质量与质量控制要求。     

不同隔板构型下带反应超声速混合层实验

为了考察超声速混合层混合、燃烧流场特性,并探索其被动增强方法,利用高速纹影、自发辐射成像和平面激光诱导荧光(PLIF)技术对压力匹配条件下的超声速混合层在不同隔板构型下的流场特性进行研究.结果表明:相对于对混合层混合的影响,凹腔对燃烧的影响明显受到抑制;尾部交错结构隔板促进混合层流向涡的产生,大大提高了混合层内燃烧强度.