Substitution of satellite-based land surface temperature defective data using GSP method

Land surface temperature (LST) as an important environmental variable provides valuable information for earth environmental system modelling. Currently, LST is obtained through satellite thermal sensors at various spatial and temporal resolutions. Although spatially continuous satellite-based LST measurements are intended to overcome the shortcomings of sparse ground-based LST measurements, LST images often contain anomalous values due to the existence of clouds or sensor malfunctioning. The problem becomes more serious where the users deal with high spatial resolution characterized by low temporal resolution. This study examines the capability of a newly developed graph signal processing (GSP) method using two-dimensional single-date thermal data. For this purpose, four Landsat/TIRS datasets are analyzed. The data of five elliptical regions on thermal images are eliminated and then reconstructed through the GSP method and using the LST values of the enclosing rectangles containing the ellipsoids. The results indicate that the temperature variation determined by the GSP method generally conforms to the original image LST values. According to a correlation test conducted on the original image LST and those obtained through the GSP method, the values vary from 58% to 95%, which is an above-the-average rate (RMSE from 0.69 to 2.27). The statistical analysis of the original image LST in both the elliptical regions and the enclosing rectangles containing the ellipsoids indicates that an increase in the variance of LST data causes an increased error in the calculation of temperature by the GSP method, and vice versa. The results of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan test indicated that an increase in the number of the non-zero spectral bins would result in increased RMSE values for all the dates and the regions. Moreover, the model errors were significant at the 0.05 level across all the image date and five elliptical study regions. Based on the results, the use of this method is recommended for the reconstruction of LST missing values, where dissimilarity of atmospheric conditions limits the use of other methods that depend on the time series data of various dates and a great deal of data calculation.     

基于非接触式测量的旋转叶片动应变重构方法

基于叶端定时非接触式测量和振动响应传递比的概念,开展高速旋转叶片动应变重构方法的研究。在频域内推导了叶片任意测点位移与任意测点动应变的传递比,给出了单模态共振下响应传递比关于位移和应变模态振型的解析表达式;建立旋转叶片的三维(3D)有限元模型,开展考虑旋转预应力效应的叶片模态分析,提取位移和应变模态振型,获得任意转速下叶端位移与叶根关键点动应变的传递比。开展高速旋转叶片叶端定时非接触式测量实验,采用周向傅里叶算法对叶端定时信号进行处理,获得叶片在不同转速单模态共振下的叶端位移,结合响应传递比,重构5个旋转叶片的关键点动应变。结果表明:旋转叶片在9000r/min和13000r/min转速下发生1阶共振时,与应变片实测结果相比,叶根处应力最大点、次大点和边缘点3个关键点的动应变平均重构误差均小于15%,验证了旋转叶片动应变重构方法的有效性。     

风扇/压气机周向模态识别中传感器角度偏差的影响

基于任意角度压缩感知(CS)方法分析了传感器安装角度偏差对风扇/压气机周向模态识别重构的影响,设计了一套自适应角度优化程序修正重构误差。利用数值试验探究了传感器角度偏差和数量对周向模态重构结果的影响,研究表明:当角度偏差等级为2.5%时,平均重构误差达到10%以上,若保证重构误差基本不变,将传感器数量从7个增加至25个,仅可以将角度偏差等级放宽至4%。而采用小生境微种群遗传算法进行自适应角度优化,在20 dB信噪比下,通过自适应角度优化可将角度偏差等级从2.5%放宽至10%,降低了传感器安装的精度要求。成功优化了一款冷却风扇在前三阶叶片通过频率下的主要周向声模态重构幅值。自适应角度优化算法有效提升了基于压缩感知的风扇/压气机周向模态重构可靠性。     

Fault diagnosis based on measurement reconstruction of HPT exit pressure for turbofan engine

Aero-engine gas path health monitoring plays a critical role in Engine Health Management(EHM). To achieve unbiased estimation, traditional filtering methods have strict requirements on measurement parameters which sometimes cannot be measured in engineering. The most typical one is the High-Pressure Turbine(HPT) exit pressure, which is vital to distinguishing failure modes between different turbines. For the case of an abrupt failure occurring in a single turbine component, a model-based sensor measurement reconstruction method is proposed in this paper. First,to estimate the missing measurements, the forward algorithm and the backward algorithm are developed based on corresponding component models according to the failure hypotheses. Then,a new fault diagnosis logic is designed and the traditional nonlinear filter is improved by adding the measurement estimation module and the health parameter correction module, which uses the reconstructed measurement to complete the health parameters estimation. Simulation results show that the proposed method can well restore the desired measurement and the estimated measurement can be used in the turbofan engine gas path diagnosis. Compared with the diagnosis under the condition of missing sensors, this method can distinguish between different failure modes, quantify the variations of health parameters, and achieve good performance at multiple operating points in the flight envelope.     

飞机外形和结构件反求建模技术研究

 探讨了基于特征的飞机外形和结构件反求建模策略,并给出曲面特征和实体特征的定义,该方法支持具有完整特征表达的模型快速重建。提出了大规模散乱数据k近邻的空间球搜索算法,其逐步增大搜索范围的策略可有效提高搜索效率。研究了结构件与外形相关曲面特征的重建方法,当贴合面较窄、外形线接近于直线时,采用直纹面逼近,否则由蒙皮曲面等距间接求取。研究了基于工程约束的曲面形状修改算法,以B样条曲面需满足的点、线、面几何约束为目标约束,通过最小化形状修改前后差曲面的弯曲能得到精确满足目标约束的光滑曲面,推导了曲面弯曲能和曲线约束的表达式。最后,以飞机翼肋模型反求为例验证了所提方法的可行性。     

无网格法耦合RNG k-ε湍流模型在亚、跨声速翼型黏性绕流中的数值模拟

基于移动最小二乘无网格方法,耦合RNG(Re-Normalisation Group)k-ε湍流模型求解雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程。采用AUSM(Advection Upstream Splitting Method)+-up迎风格式求解数值通量,应用在高度各向异性点云结构中取得良好结果的点云重构技术结合移动最小二乘法拟合空间导数,并用三阶SSP(Strong Stability Preserving)型Runge-Kutta显式时间推进格式求解离散后的控制方程。在此基础之上,实现了对NACA0012、RAE2822翼型亚、跨声速黏性绕流的数值模拟,给出了翼型表面压力系数分布曲线、不同位置处的平均速度剖面、马赫数等值线等计算结果,并与实验值及相关文献数值模拟结果进行比较,结果吻合较好。表明所发展的结合点云重构技术的无网格方法耦合RNGk-ε湍流模型能够成功模拟翼型亚、跨声速黏性绕流,验证了所提算法的有效性,并拓展了无网格方法求解湍流流动的途径。     

POD方法在风洞试验二维速度场分析中的应用

针对风洞试验二维速度流场,构建了正交分解与流场重构的数学模型。通过对鼓包背风面PIV瞬时速度流场进行分解,发现阶数越低的模态对原始流场的能量贡献率越大,代表了流场中的低频、大尺度流动结构;反之,阶数越高的模态对原始流场的能量贡献率越小,代表了流场中的高频、小尺度流场结构等信息。通过对流场进行低维重构,发现前4阶重构流场几乎不受一些小尺度旋涡的影响,很清晰地显示了流场的主要结构。     

涡扇发动机气路传感器故障诊断

为了实现对某涡扇发动机传感器故障的在线诊断,提出并设计了1种基于在线贯序极端学习机的故障诊断算法。其核心思想是在定位某传感器故障后,在线建立针对该故障传感器"预学习"的信号重构算法,解决多故障混叠问题。在线信号重构算法以泛化能力指标为判定条件,利用选择策略对算法网络权值进行选择性更新,提高了故障诊断系统的实时性。以某型涡扇发动机为对象开展了传感器故障诊断与重构仿真,结果表明:该算法能够对发动机单、双传感器故障进行准确地诊断与信号重构,且具有良好的实时性。     

基于SRAM型FPGA单粒子效应综合防护技术

为解决基于SRAM(Static Random Access Memory,静态随机存储器)型FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Array,现场可编程门阵列)的扩频应答机在空间环境中时常发生功能故障的难题,提出了一种低轨卫星基于SRAM型FPGA的应答机的单粒子综合防护方案。该方案在代码级、器件级、单机级、整星级综合采用器件优选、结构屏蔽设计、巡检自愈、自主复位等多种方法,有效杜绝了单粒子事件带来的种种危害,已成功应用于某在轨卫星。在轨测试结果表明:遥测、遥控、跟踪测量等功能、性能指标满足任务要求,且未发生需要地面干预的问题或现象。该技术还可推广应用于其他采用低等级器件及其他类型FPGA、DSP(Digital Signal Processing,数字信号处理)等大规模集成电路的星载单机防护。