确定微动疲劳寿命的附加应力法

通过引进新的微动疲劳参数 ,对微动疲劳寿命进行定量分析。将微动作用的效果作为一种附加应力 ,与普通力学分析中得到的宏观应力一起作为总应力作用于构件。用这个总应力按疲劳寿命计算公式或对照疲劳寿命S -N曲线得到疲劳寿命 ,这个疲劳寿命就是微动疲劳寿命。这种方法称为附加应力法。     

一种正向乘波前体设计方法初步研究

以定楔角乘波体设计方法为基础,研究了影响高超/超声速乘波体"乘波"的主要因素,给出了前体前缘实际气流压缩角的确定方法及影响因素,可知在相同的来流马赫数和压缩角δ下,随着前缘角θ和气流与前缘夹角α的增加,实际气流偏转角γ减小。据此,基于幂函数进气道前体构形,给出了前缘激波不脱体的限制条件及具体的判定方法,分析了乘波体典型几何特征参数对前缘激波不脱体的影响规律,结果显示在相同的来流马赫数和压缩角度下,增大前缘形状因子n,减小前体的长宽比L/W及增大前缘角均有利于激波不脱体。根据给出的前体几何参数对前缘激波脱体的影响规律曲线,对一种"前体几何外形构造+前缘激波附体条件限制"的正向前体乘波器工程设计方法进行了研究,给出了具体设计流程,并进行了初步的数值仿真验证,表明通过该方法设计的乘波前体流动特征与预期的结果吻合,说明文中所给出的激波附体条件及影响规律是可信的,乘波前体设计方法是可行的。     

Modeling and simulation of bow wave effect in probe and drogue aerial refueling

In a probe and drogue aerial refueling system, the bow wave of the receiver aircraft will produce a strong aerodynamic effect on the drogue once the receiver follows the drogue at a close distance. It is a major difficulty of docking control in the probe and drogue refueling. This paper analyses the bow wave effect and presents a simple method to model it. Firstly, the inviscid flow around the receiver is modeled based on the stream function defined by basic stream singularities.Secondly, a correction function is developed to eliminate the error caused by the absence of air viscosity. Then, the aerodynamic coefficients are used to calculate the induced aerodynamic force on the drogue. The obtained model is in an analytical form that can be easily applied to the controller design and the real-time simulations. In the verification part, computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulation tests are conducted to validate the obtained flow fields and aerodynamic forces. Finally,the modeling method is applied to an F-16 receiver aircraft in a previously developed autonomous aerial refueling simulation system. The simulations results are analyzed and compared with the NASA flight-test data, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

快速机动大型挠性航天器的动力学建模

建立带附加质量大型挠性航天器大角度快速机动时的动力学模型。在柔性体变形场中计及耦合效应,采用假设模态法和拉格朗日原理建立挠性航天器系统的一阶近似动力学模型。在模型中忽略轴向变形,并用低阶主模态表示横向变形得到控制模型。理论分析和数值仿真表明: 挠性航天器在历经大角度快速机动时会产生动力刚化现象,传统的零次近似动力学模型会产生错误的仿真结果;附加质量对两种模型的系统刚度产生截然相反的作用;低阶简化模型能够较好地反映系统的动力学特性,可用于控制器设计。     

国外空中加油技术的发展和展望

在简要地回顾了空中加油技术产生的背景和发展过程之后，较详细地介绍了其在空战中的实际应用和海湾战争时期各参战国的加油机装备情况，然后着重叙述目前世界上使用的两种空中加油系统（伸缩套管式加油设备和插头锥管式加油设备）；空中加油飞行技术和曾经进行的主要试验项目，未来空中加油机的发展趋势及尚待解决的问题。     

Dynamic modeling of a hose-drogue aerial refueling system and integral sliding mode backstepping control for the hose whipping phenomenon

Dynamic modeling of a hose-drogue aerial refueling system（HDARS） and an integral sliding mode backstepping controller design for the hose whipping phenomenon（HWP） during probe-drogue coupling are studied. Firstly, a dynamic model of the variable-length hose-drogue assembly is built for the sake of exploiting suppression methods for the whipping phenomenon.Based on the lumped parameter method, the hose is modeled by a series of variable-length links connected with frictionless joints. A set of iterative equations of the hose＇s three-dimensional motion is derived subject to hose reeling in/out, tanker motion, gravity, and aerodynamic loads accounting for the effects of steady wind, atmospheric turbulence, and tanker wake. Secondly,relying on a permanent magnet synchronous motor and high-precision position sensors, a new active control strategy for the HWP on the basis of the relative position between the tanker and the receiver is proposed. Considering the strict-feedback configuration of the permanent magnet synchronous motor, a rotor position control law based on the backstepping method is designed to insure global stability. An integral of the rotor position error and an exponential sliding mode reaching law of the current errors are applied to enhance control accuracy and robustness. Finally,the simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed model and control laws.     

视觉辅助的无人机自主空中加油建模与仿真

为准确获得插头锥套式空中加油过程中无人机与锥套的相对位姿信息,提出了机器视觉辅助的插头锥套式无人机自主空中加油仿真方案,开发了基于Open CV,Simulink及Vega Prime视景仿真技术的闭环仿真系统.研究了机器视觉识别跟踪锥套的图像处理算法,利用Kalman滤波算法估计无人机与锥套的相对位姿.仿真结果表明,机器视觉算法可以准确识别跟踪锥套,滤波器状态估计的收敛速度较快,无人机姿态角变化范围较小,保证了插头锥套式无人机自主空中加油的平稳安全对接.     

牵顶伞对主伞充气过程的影响

为研究牵顶伞对主伞充气过程的影响,建立了有无牵顶伞的主伞充气阶段的流固耦合数学模型,对有无牵顶伞时,主伞的整个充气过程进行了数值模拟,并将计算所得的开伞动载与空投试验结果进行对比,以验证数值仿真的可靠性。研究结果表明:(1)有牵顶伞时开伞过程中的平均速度比无牵顶伞时大;(2)有牵顶伞时,收口阻力特征比无牵顶伞时要小约30%。(3)有牵顶伞时,第一峰值的过载呈减少趋势,第二峰值约大了36%;(4)对具有不同阻力特征的牵顶伞的计算结果表明:牵顶伞阻力特征增大,初始充气时间和初始充气距离均减小,但初始充气结束时的速度基本不变,而开伞峰值、收口阻力特征、充满时间和充满距离均变化不大。(5)有牵顶伞时,在初始充气阶段,伞衣不易张开,因而伞衣外形显得更为细长。而在主充气阶段,在解除收口绳之前,由于顶部有牵顶伞的阻力,伞衣张开相对较慢,因而伞衣细长些。当解除收口后,牵顶伞的阻力已经很小,此时,有无牵顶伞的主伞伞衣外形变化几乎相同。     

尖顶襟翼对70°三角翼前缘涡破裂的影响

为了提高大迎角下三角翼的机动性,在北航0.6m×0.6m×4.0m水槽中对后掠角Λ为70°的三角翼模型进行流动显示实验来研究尖顶襟翼对三角翼前缘涡破裂的影响。迎角α范围为30°～50°,弯折位置为30%c,向下弯折角B为0°～30°。试验结果表明:低头的尖顶襟翼对延迟三角翼前缘涡的破裂有显著效果,且弯折位置在涡破裂点附近时,推迟涡破裂的效果较好。迎角α≤40°时,存在一个推迟前缘涡破裂最有效的弯折角度。对于迎角α=40°,当弯折角度B=20°时效果最佳,可使前缘涡涡破裂点位置推迟33%～35%c。     

尖顶襟翼长度对三角翼前缘涡破裂的影响

为了抑制三角翼前缘涡破裂的发生,研究了大攻角下(30°～50°)尖顶襟翼对70°三角翼前缘涡破裂的影响.在静态实验情况下,尖顶弯折对三角翼前缘涡破裂影响的参数有2个:尖顶襟翼弯折的角度及其长度.染色液流态显示结果表明:尖顶襟翼的向下弯折减小了靠近襟翼翼面的有效攻角,从而推迟了前缘涡破裂的发生,涡破裂位置随弯折角的变化呈非线性变化且弯折襟翼越长效果越好,α=35°时两个弯折组合的效果要比单个弯折的好.