Geometric reasoning under uncertainty for map-based localization

Map-based navigation in outdoor terrain lacking man-made structures or other highly distinctive landmarks can produce severe localization problems. This paper presents an approach to navigation which implements high level geometric reasoning and matching strategies based on those used by skilled human navigators. This approach, which is demonstrated on a real example involving imagery of mountainous terrain obtained with a video camera and USGS map data, is designed to avoid many of the pitfalls occurring when an attempt is made to navigate by modeling the environment mathematically. It exploits feature attributes which cannot be easily expressed quantitatively but are central to the successful human navigation process.     

The South Pole-Aitken basin region,Moon: GIS-based geologic investigation using Kaguya elemental information

Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS), we performed comparative analysis among stratigraphic information and the Kaguya (SELENE) GRS data of the ∼2500-km-diameter South Pole-Aitken (SPA) basin and its surroundings. Results indicate that the surface rock materials (including ancient crater materials, mare basalts, and possible SPA impact melt) are average to slightly elevated in K and Th with respect to the rest of the Moon. Also, this study demonstrates that K and Th have not significantly changed since the formation of SPA. The elemental signatures of the impact basin of Fe, Ti, Si, O through time include evidence for resurfacing by ejecta materials and late-stage volcanism. The oldest surfaces of SPA are found to be oxygen-depleted during the heavy bombardment period relative to later stages of geologic development, followed by both an increase in silicon and oxygen, possibly due to ejecta sourced from outside of SPA, and subsequent modification due to mare basaltic volcanism, which increased iron and titanium within SPA. The influence of the distinct geologic history of SPA and surroundings on the mineralogic and elemental abundances is evident as shown in our investigation.     

基于改进深度学习模型的焊缝缺陷检测算法

针对传统深度学习模型在进行焊缝缺陷检测时对小缺陷目标检测效果不理想问题,提出基于改进深度学习Faster RCNN模型的焊缝缺陷检测算法,算法通过多层特征网络提取多尺度特征图并共同作用于模型后续环节,以充分利用模型中的低层特征,增加细节信息;改进模型的区域生成网络,加入多种滑动窗口,从而优化了模型锚点的长宽比设置,提高检测能力。实验表明,改进Faster RCNN模型取得最优的缺陷检测结果,对于小缺陷目标仍取得较好的检测精度,从而验证了算法的有效性。     

Eliminating negative VTEC in global ionosphere maps using inequality-constrained least squares

Currently, ground-based Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) stations of the International GNSS Service (IGS) are distributed unevenly around the world. Most of them are located on the mainland, while only a small part of them are scattered on some islands in the oceans. As a consequence, many unreasonable zero values (in fact negative values) appear in Vertical Total Electron Content (VTEC) of European Space Agency (ESA) and Center for Orbit Determination in Europe (CODE) IONEX products, especially in 2008 and 2009 when the solar activities were rather quiet. To improve this situation, we directly implement non-negative physical constraints of ionosphere for global ionosphere maps (GIM) with spherical harmonic functions. Mathematically, we propose an inequality-constrained least squares method by imposing non-negative inequality constraints in the areas where negative VTEC values may occur to reconstruct GIM models. We then apply the new method to process the IGS data in 2008. The results have shown that the new algorithm efficiently eliminates the unwanted behavior of negative VTEC values, which could otherwise often be seen in the current CODE and ESA GIM products in both middle and high latitude areas of the Southern Hemisphere (45°S∼90°S) and the Northern Hemisphere (50°N∼90°N). About 64% of GPS receivers’ DCBs have been significantly improved. Finally, we compare the GIM results between with and without the inequality constraints, which has clearly shown that the GIM result with inequality constraints is significantly better than that without the inequality constraints. The inequality-constrained GIM result is also highly consistent with the final IGS products in terms of root mean squared (RMS) and mean VTEC.     

模糊自组织网络在刀具磨损状态监测中的应用(英文)

应用模糊逻辑和无教师自组织神经网络进行车削过程刀具磨损状态监测.根据典型切削条件组合建立由多个子网络组成的自组织网络阵列,其中每一子网络对应一种典型切削条件,并进行训练.对于具体切削条件,运用模糊逻辑技术选取对应的优化子网络.文中所建名为Fuzzy-SOM-TWC监测系统的运行基于加工过程实时采集的切削力、声发射以及电机电流信号.切削实验用于训练和检验监测系统,实验结果显示其对于刀具磨损状态的识别正确率可达到98%-100%.     

Earth–Moon libration point orbit stationkeeping: Theory,modeling, and operations

Collinear Earth–Moon libration points have emerged as locations with immediate applications. These libration point orbits are inherently unstable and must be maintained regularly which constrains operations and maneuver locations. Stationkeeping is challenging due to relatively short time scales for divergence, effects of large orbital eccentricity of the secondary body, and third-body perturbations. Using the Acceleration Reconnection and Turbulence and Electrodynamics of the Moon's Interaction with the Sun (ARTEMIS) mission orbit as a platform, the fundamental behavior of the trajectories is explored using Poincaré maps in the circular restricted three-body problem. Operational stationkeeping results obtained using the Optimal Continuation Strategy are presented and compared to orbit stability information generated from mode analysis based in dynamical systems theory.     

Options for mapping foF2

Available long-term and near-real time global and regional maps of foF2 are examined in relation to telecommunication and aeronomy requirements and recommendations are made for the best present-day maps to adopt. In particular, it is shown that current CCIR maps do not meet all requirements and should not necessarily be regarded as standards against which other mappings should be compared.     

“五四”女作家关于母爱与情爱的抒写

“五四”女作家抒写的对象大多为婚姻、恋爱与家庭,也正是在这样的领域中,母爱与情爱的纠葛成为一个绕不开的话题。她们笔下的女性从母爱与情爱的激烈冲突以致为情爱而牺牲母爱;到母爱渐渐战胜情爱;再到最后彻底回归母爱,牺牲自我情感。从这个反叛、抗争与回归的过程中,体会在一个新旧时代交替之际刚刚获得觉醒女性的独特情怀。