Estimating inter-system biases for tightly combined Galileo/BDS/GPS RTK

The overlapping carrier frequencies L1/E1, L5/E5a and B2/E5b from GPS/Galileo/BDS allow inter-system double-differencing of observations, which shows a clear advantage over differencing of the observations of each constellation independently. However, the inter-system biases destroy the integer nature of the inter-system double-differencing ambiguities. Two methods of direct rounding and parameter estimation are used to determine the ISB value. By analyzing data collected from Curtin University from 2015 to 2018, the phase and code inter-system bias (ISB) are related to the receiver type, firmware version and the selected overlapping frequency. Upgrade of receiver firmware version results in changes of ISB values. For example, the upgrade of Javad firmware in Dec, 15, 2017 causes the difference of 0.5 cycles ISB between BDS GEO and non-GEO satellites. By comparing the three dynamic models which include white noise process, random walk process, and random constant in the parameter estimation method, the ISB determined by the random constant model is consistent with the value obtained by the direct rounding method. After the calibration of ISBs, the performances of tightly combined positioning are assessed. The success rate of ambiguity resolution and accuracy of positioning for the tight combination (TC) are significantly improved in comparison with that for the loose combination (LC) over short baselines. For L5/E5a, on which only few satellites can be observed, the maximum increase in success rates of ambiguity resolution can reach 31.7%, i.e., from 54.9% of LC to larger than 86.6% of TC, and the positioning accuracies can even be increased by 0.13 m, i.e., from 0.208 of LC to 0.074 m of TC in East direction for the mix-receiver TRIMBLE NETR9-SEPT POLARX4 in 2018.     

基于大数据技术的情报侦察

Guo Yong(Comprehensive Planning Burean, Navel Equipment Department,Beijing 100841,China)     

防护涂层对Ni3Al基合金IC6AE微观组织和抗腐蚀性能的影响

采用料浆法和粉末包埋渗法在Ni3Al基等轴晶合金IC6AE上分别制备了Al-Si和NiCr-CrAl涂层,并对Al-Si和NiCr-CrAl涂层及不加涂层的IC6AE合金三种试样进行900℃/20h,40h,60h,80h,100h的涂盐(5wt%NaCl 95wt%Na2SO4)抗腐蚀性能试验.试验结果表明,与Al-Si涂层试样和无涂层IC6AE合金试样相比,NiCr-CrAl涂层试样表现出最好的抗热腐蚀性能;与无涂层的IC6AE合金试样相比,Al-Si涂层试样的抗腐蚀性没有明显的改善.微观结构分析表明,无涂层的IC6AE合金在900℃时经过几个小时后就遭到了严重的腐蚀破坏.涂盐腐蚀100h后,表面生成了一层主要由Mo,Ni的氧化物组成的多孔无保护性的疏松层.对于Al-Si涂层的试样,900℃/100h腐蚀后试样表面生成了大量Mo,Ni的氧化物,此外还有少量Al2O3及NiAl3相,这些相对样品有一定的保护作用.涂覆NiCr-CrAl涂层的样品经900℃/100h腐蚀后,试样表面主要生成了连续致密的Al2O3及NiAl2O4层,并有少量的Mo,Ni的氧化物,因此对合金有着较好的保护作用,抗腐蚀性能得到了显著改善.     

IC6合金动态拉伸过程原位观测

为了研究IC6合金的断裂机制,用背散射电子图像原位观察该合金的动态拉伸过程.结果表明IC6合金中的M6C碳化物是脆性相,在受力时容易开裂.在裂纹已经产生的情况下,大量M6C碳化物会加速裂纹的扩展.     

IC制造中平坦化技术的性能与分析

表面平整化技术是半导体工业的关键技术,在一定程度上制约着半导体芯片集成技术的发展,针对多层立体布线的IC全局平坦化技术,介绍了代表当今平整化技术及其未来的发展方向,其中一些技术会取代传统的CMP技术而成为IC产业的主导技术之一;叙述了超大规模集成电路(ULSI)的发展对全局平整化的具体要求;对传统的CMP技术的特点进行了分析;并论述了当今主流的IC平整化技术的原理、性能以及未来的发展方向。     

Keck observations of ROSAT ultra-luminous X-ray source candidates

We present results of optical follow-up observations of candidate ultra-luminous X-ray sources (ULXs). Using Keck optical spectroscopy, 17 of the candidates from the Colbert and Ptak [Colbert, E.J.M., Ptak, A.F. A catalog of candidate intermediate-luminosity X-ray objects. ApJS 143, 25–45, 2002] catalog have been identified; this is one of the largest sets of optical identifications of such objects thus far. Fifteen are background active galactic nuclei (AGN); two are foreground stars in our Galaxy. These findings are consistent with background and foreground object expectations, as derived from log N–log S relations. Also, the results are briefly discussed in terms of the spiral-galaxy/ULX connection.     

Lock-in phenomenon of tip clearance flow and its influence on aerodynamic damping under specified vibration on an axial transonic compressor rotor

In this study, the lock-in phenomenon of Tip Clearance Flow(TCF) instabilities and their relationship to blade vibration are investigated numerically on an axial transonic rotor with a large tip clearance. The capabilities of simulating instability flow and lock-in phenomenon are verified on a transonic rotor and a NACA0012 airfoil by comparing with the test data, respectively.The lock-in phenomenon is first numerically confirmed that may occur to TCF instabilities when its frequency is close to...     

New insights into SNR evolution revealed by the discovery of recombining plasmas

We report the discovery of recombining plasmas in three supernova remnants (SNRs) with the Suzaku X-ray astronomy satellite. During SNR’s evolution, the expanding supernova ejecta and the ambient matter are compressed and heated by the reverse and forward shocks to form an X-ray emitting hot plasma. Since ionization proceeds slowly compared to shock heating, most young or middle-aged SNRs have ionizing (underionized) plasmas. Owing to high sensitivity of Suzaku, however, we have detected radiative recombination continua (RRCs) from the SNRs IC 443, W49B, and G359.1–0.5. The presence of the strong RRC is the definitive evidence that the plasma is recombining (overionized). As a possible origin of the overionization, an interaction between the ejecta and dense circumstellar matter is proposed; the highly ionized gas was made at the initial phase of the SNR evolution in dense regions, and subsequent rapid adiabatic expansion caused sudden cooling of the electrons. The analysis on the full X-ray band spectrum of IC 443, which is newly presented in this paper, provides a consistent picture with this scenario. We also comment on the implications from the fact that all the SNRs having recombining plasmas are correlated with the mixed-morphology class.     

脉宽调制器中一类振荡器的全面解析结果

用分析法全面讨论脉宽调制器（IC：1842/3/4/5,1842A/3A/4A/5A）中振荡器的振荡特征参数（占空比D和频率f）与外接电阻R和电容C的关系.我们得到以R、C为自变量表达D和f的函数,以D、f为自变量求R、C的函数.并根据这些函数的计算结果绘制描述D、f、R、C（1F）4个参数之间的关系曲线.这些结果,不仅提升了对这类振荡器的认知,而且可供设计时直接引用和参考.     

无轴向通流对转轴间的流动与传热特性

为研究航空发动机对转轴间的流动与换热,建立了无轴向通流的对转环腔湍流边界层的修正卡门三层结构速度分布模型。基于该速度分布模型并依据动量传递与热量传递的比拟理论,推导了外轴内壁面换热努塞尔数的表达式及准则关系式。与CFD数值计算的速度分布、外轴内壁面换热努塞尔数进行对比验证,结果表明,对转环腔湍流边界层的修正卡门三层结构模型给出了一致的速度分布和换热规律。理论与CFD计算得到的外轴内壁面换热努赛尔数在低旋转雷诺数下符合较好,高旋转雷诺数下偏离不超过20%。